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一直以来

智驾功能是汽车消费市场关注的焦点

今年随着L3级自动驾驶政策破冰

多家车企相继发布智驾方案

但《中国消费者报》记者发现

车企“全场景自动驾驶”等营销话术的背后

隐藏着对技术边界的模糊与误导

......

L3级自动驾驶技术逐步成熟

智能出行将不再遥远

了解L3级自动驾驶

工业和信息化部发布的《汽车驾驶自动化分级》(GB/T40429—2021)显示,自动驾驶技术被划分为从L0到L5的6个等级。其中,L3级被定义为有条件自动驾驶,即在特定条件下,车辆可以自主完成所有驾驶任务,而驾驶员则转变为监督者的角色,仅在系统请求时介入。

L3级自动驾驶与目前市场上

广泛应用的L2级辅助驾驶相比

有着本质区别

L2级辅助驾驶只能实现部分功能的自动化,如自适应巡航和车道保持等,驾驶员仍需时刻保持警惕并准备接管车辆。

L3级在特定条件下完全解放了驾驶员的双手和双脚,让他们可以专注于非驾驶任务。

工业和信息化部最新数据显示,2024年,我国乘用车L2级也就是具备组合驾驶辅助功能的新车渗透率已达57.3%,每年会有近2000万辆新车搭载智驾功能。业内预计,到2030年L2级及以上智驾的市场渗透率有望达到90%。

今年以来,从特斯拉的FSD功能在国内市场落地到业内提出“智驾平权”概念,从地平线推进HSD全场景智驾解决方案落地到奔驰DrivePilot加速在国内市场应用,汽车企业纷纷关注这一领域,足以看出市场各方对于L3智驾功能的期待。

同时,多家车企如蔚来、比亚迪、长安汽车等已经获批进入中国首批L3级自动驾驶准入和上路通行试点名单。极氪、小鹏汽车等品牌也宣布将推出搭载L3级自动驾驶技术的车型。

尽管L3级自动驾驶技术前景广阔

但其在实际应用过程中

仍面临着诸多考验

中国汽车工程学会名誉理事长付于武在接受记者采访时表示,在技术层面,要实现高度自动化的驾驶功能需要更先进的传感器技术、更强大的算法支持以及更高的计算能力。如何确保系统的可靠性和安全性也是一大难题,特别是在复杂多变的天气和路况条件下。

车企频繁宣传“高阶智驾”

易放大消费者期待

2024年以来,越来越多车企在新车上市时以“智驾功能”“高阶智驾”为主要营销点,以吸引消费市场关注。

记者注意到

多家车企在产品介绍中

将自动驾驶级别定义为“L2+级”

长城汽车在2021款WEYVV6上市时,宣称车辆实现L2.9级自动驾驶水平;

问界M5智驾版宣称其辅助驾驶级别达到了近乎L3的水平,即L2.9999级。

时任华为智能汽车解决方案BU董事长余承东曾在一次直播活动中表示:“我在驾驶时没转过方向盘,可以打盹睡个觉。”余承东还曾公开表示,一旦达到L3级别自动驾驶,司机就可以直接去睡觉。

类似言论和宣传在一定程度上造成了消费者的认知偏差,出于对智能驾驶功能的盲目依赖,因驾驶人开启智驾而造成的事故逐渐增多。

4月8日,“广东交警”视频号发布的视频显示,一男子在高速上驾车时开着智能驾驶功能睡觉,超速驾驶狂飙超过100公里,开车过程持续1个多小时。最终,该男子被交警依法处罚。

3月16日17时许,武深高速湖南郴州段,驾驶人方某开启辅助驾驶功能后分心,未及时发现车辆方向偏移,慌忙接管时操作不当,致车辆冲向右侧山体侧翻。

3月19日,包茂高速(北往南)2184公里处,张某开启车辆自动驾驶功能并打起瞌睡,最终车辆径直追尾了前方的大货车。

目前,我国智能网联汽车搭载的均为L2级辅助驾驶,而国内尚无官方或权威机构对“高阶智驾”作出明确定义,导致不少车企自行定义,造成消费者认知混乱。

针对这一市场现状,今年2月,工业和信息化部联合市场监管总局发布《关于进一步加强智能网联汽车产品准入、召回及软件在线升级管理的通知》,要求车企明确智驾功能的边界,规范宣传用语,强化安全设计。

北京社科院副研究员王鹏在接受记者采访时表示,车企在宣传中频繁使用“高阶智驾”概念并混淆消费者认知,是一种不负责任的营销行为。“这种营销话术不仅损害了消费者的知情权,还可能引发交通安全事故。”车企应该明确告知消费者产品的实际自动驾驶能力和局限性,而不是通过模糊的宣传话术来误导消费者。

北京市京师律师事务所律师卢鼎亮对记者表示,“高阶智驾”本质是企业创造的营销概念,脱离了分级标准,导致消费者误判系统能力,弱化了“人机协同”的复杂性,容易陷入全场景适用的假象。监管部门应建立智能驾驶功能命名规范,禁止使用“高阶”“全自动”等模糊词汇,引入技术能力透明化机制并通过驾驶界面实时显示当前系统可用状态。

交通事故责任划分有待明确

相关法规亟待完善

L3级自动驾驶的大规模量产离不开政策法规层面的协同。目前,尽管北京、深圳、武汉等地相继出台了关于智能网联汽车的管理法规,对自动驾驶的应用场景、基础设施建设、事故责任划分等进行规范,但在L3级自动驾驶状态下,交通事故的责任划分仍有待进一步明确。

记者了解到,4月1日实施的《北京市自动驾驶汽车条例》提出,自动驾驶汽车上路通行期间,违反道路交通安全法律法规或者发生交通事故的,由公安机关交通管理部门按照国家有关规定调查和处理,但《道路交通安全法》及其相关条例、规章均未对此作出具体规定。

在中国电动汽车百人会论坛(2025)上,中国科学院院士、中国电动汽车百人会副理事长欧阳明高表示,目前,我国仍处于全民智驾而非全民自动驾驶时代。当前首要任务是尽快解决L2、L3级自动驾驶的相关法律法规问题,这给相关部门提出了紧迫要求。

王鹏表示:“目前,在国家层面关于L3级自动驾驶的法律法规仍然相对滞后,导致事故责任认定存在困难。当下,应该加快制定和完善相关法律法规,明确L3级自动驾驶状态下的事故责任划分原则和标准。同时,有关部门也应加强对自动驾驶技术的监管和评估,确保其安全性和可靠性达到规定要求。”

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