Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82
沐卿顾辰顾风小说免费阅读-让你感受孕妇的坚韧与温暖。
随机图片

沐卿顾辰顾风小说免费阅读-让你感受孕妇的坚韧与温暖。

更新时间: 浏览次数: 295

400电话:123456(点击咨询)
沐卿顾辰顾风小说免费阅读-让你感受孕妇的坚韧与温暖。各观看免费《今日汇总》
沐卿顾辰顾风小说免费阅读-让你感受孕妇的坚韧与温暖。各热线观看免费2025已更新(2025已更新)








沐卿顾辰顾风小说免费阅读-让你感受孕妇的坚韧与温暖。观看免费电话:(1)123456(点击咨询)(2)123456(点击咨询)








沐卿顾辰顾风小说免费阅读-让你感受孕妇的坚韧与温暖。观看免费热线(1)123456(点击咨询)(2)123456(点击咨询)




沐卿顾辰顾风小说免费阅读-让你感受孕妇的坚韧与温暖。各区点热线观看免费《今日发布》
Random Image 沐卿顾辰顾风小说免费阅读-让你感受孕妇的坚韧与温暖。电话








7天观看免费人工电话为您、沐卿顾辰顾风小说免费阅读-让你感受孕妇的坚韧与温暖。团队在调度中心的统筹调配下,线下专业及各地区人员团队等专属,整个报修流程规范有序,后期同步跟踪查询公开透明。








所有团队均经过专业培训、持证上岗,所用产品配件均为原厂直供,








沐卿顾辰顾风小说免费阅读-让你感受孕妇的坚韧与温暖。各观看免费《今日汇总》2025已更新(今日/推荐)








沐卿顾辰顾风小说免费阅读-让你感受孕妇的坚韧与温暖。电话区域:








湘潭市(岳塘区、湘乡市、湘潭县、雨湖区、韶山市)








上海市(崇明区、长宁区、青浦区、宝山区、虹口区、徐汇区、黄浦区、普陀区、浦东新区、闵行区、静安区、金山区、奉贤区、嘉定区、杨浦区、松江区)








六安市(裕安区、霍山县、霍邱县、金安区、舒城县、金寨县、叶集区)








巴中市(南江县、恩阳区、平昌县、巴州区、通江县)  丽江市(华坪县、永胜县、宁蒗彝族自治县、玉龙纳西族自治县、古城区)








楚雄彝族自治州(牟定县、武定县、姚安县、楚雄市、双柏县、永仁县、元谋县、大姚县、禄丰市、南华县)








武威市(天祝藏族自治县、凉州区、古浪县、民勤县)








张家界市(永定区、慈利县、桑植县、武陵源区)








莆田市(涵江区、秀屿区、城厢区、荔城区、仙游县)  桂林市(永福县、龙胜各族自治县、秀峰区、平乐县、荔浦市、叠彩区、全州县、阳朔县、恭城瑶族自治县、灵川县、临桂区、资源县、七星区、雁山区、象山区、灌阳县、兴安县)








宁夏回族自治区








锦州市(凌海市、义县、北镇市、黑山县、古塔区、凌河区、太和区)








南平市(建瓯市、顺昌县、松溪县、政和县、光泽县、武夷山市、邵武市、建阳区、延平区、浦城县)








崇左市(扶绥县、宁明县、大新县、凭祥市、江州区、龙州县、天等县)








塔城地区(托里县、乌苏市、塔城市、沙湾市、和布克赛尔蒙古自治县、裕民县、额敏县)








澳门特别行政区








兴安盟(阿尔山市、乌兰浩特市、科尔沁右翼中旗、突泉县、扎赉特旗、科尔沁右翼前旗)








清远市(阳山县、清新区、英德市、连州市、连南瑶族自治县、清城区、连山壮族瑶族自治县、佛冈县)








荆州市(监利市、洪湖市、松滋市、石首市、沙市区、荆州区、公安县、江陵县)








随州市(随县、广水市、曾都区)








鞍山市(铁西区、台安县、千山区、岫岩满族自治县、铁东区、立山区、海城市)








太原市(古交市、尖草坪区、小店区、阳曲县、迎泽区、杏花岭区、娄烦县、清徐县、万柏林区、晋源区)








张家口市(沽源县、崇礼区、桥东区、下花园区、怀安县、张北县、万全区、尚义县、涿鹿县、怀来县、阳原县、桥西区、赤城县、蔚县、康保县、宣化区)








西双版纳傣族自治州(勐海县、勐腊县、景洪市)








三沙市(南沙区、西沙区)








三亚市(海棠区、吉阳区、崖州区、天涯区)








眉山市(彭山区、仁寿县、洪雅县、青神县、东坡区、丹棱县)








伊犁哈萨克自治州(新源县、尼勒克县、霍尔果斯市、霍城县、伊宁县、奎屯市、伊宁市、特克斯县、察布查尔锡伯自治县、昭苏县、巩留县)








安康市(岚皋县、镇坪县、旬阳市、汉滨区、汉阴县、平利县、白河县、石泉县、紫阳县、宁陕县)
400电话:123456(点击咨询)
沐卿顾辰顾风小说免费阅读-让你感受孕妇的坚韧与温暖。各观看免费《今日汇总》《今日发布》
沐卿顾辰顾风小说免费阅读-让你感受孕妇的坚韧与温暖。各观看免费《今日汇总》(2025已更新)








沐卿顾辰顾风小说免费阅读-让你感受孕妇的坚韧与温暖。观看免费电话:(1)123456(点击咨询)(2)123456(点击咨询)








沐卿顾辰顾风小说免费阅读-让你感受孕妇的坚韧与温暖。观看免费热线(1)123456(点击咨询)(2)123456(点击咨询)




沐卿顾辰顾风小说免费阅读-让你感受孕妇的坚韧与温暖。各观看免费《今日汇总》【2025已更新列表】
沐卿顾辰顾风小说免费阅读-让你感受孕妇的坚韧与温暖。电话








7天观看免费人工电话为您、沐卿顾辰顾风小说免费阅读-让你感受孕妇的坚韧与温暖。团队在调度中心的统筹调配下,线下专业及各地区人员团队等专属,整个报修流程规范有序,后期同步跟踪查询公开透明。








所有团队均经过专业培训、持证上岗,所用产品配件均为原厂直供,








沐卿顾辰顾风小说免费阅读-让你感受孕妇的坚韧与温暖。中心2025已更新(今日/推荐)








沐卿顾辰顾风小说免费阅读-让你感受孕妇的坚韧与温暖。电话区域:








黄南藏族自治州(尖扎县、同仁市、河南蒙古族自治县、泽库县)








通辽市(科尔沁区、扎鲁特旗、科尔沁左翼后旗、科尔沁左翼中旗、霍林郭勒市、奈曼旗、开鲁县、库伦旗)








朝阳市(朝阳县、双塔区、龙城区、凌源市、喀喇沁左翼蒙古族自治县、北票市、建平县)








内蒙古自治区  泰州市(海陵区、兴化市、靖江市、高港区、姜堰区、泰兴市)








三门峡市(卢氏县、义马市、湖滨区、渑池县、陕州区、灵宝市)








呼伦贝尔市(额尔古纳市、海拉尔区、扎兰屯市、扎赉诺尔区、鄂伦春自治旗、牙克石市、根河市、新巴尔虎右旗、莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗、陈巴尔虎旗、满洲里市、鄂温克族自治旗、新巴尔虎左旗、阿荣旗)








红河哈尼族彝族自治州(开远市、个旧市、蒙自市、石屏县、弥勒市、屏边苗族自治县、金平苗族瑶族傣族自治县、绿春县、河口瑶族自治县、泸西县、元阳县、建水县、红河县)临夏回族自治州(临夏市、康乐县、积石山保安族东乡族撒拉族自治县、临夏县、永靖县、和政县、东乡族自治县、广河县)








银川市(兴庆区、灵武市、贺兰县、西夏区、金凤区、永宁县)  大庆市(肇州县、红岗区、杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县、大同区、让胡路区、肇源县、龙凤区、林甸县、萨尔图区)








萍乡市(湘东区、上栗县、芦溪县、莲花县、安源区)








厦门市(湖里区、集美区、同安区、海沧区、翔安区、思明区)








广西壮族自治区潮州市(饶平县、潮安区、湘桥区)








黄石市(黄石港区、大冶市、西塞山区、下陆区、阳新县、铁山区)








商丘市(梁园区、宁陵县、睢阳区、民权县、夏邑县、柘城县、虞城县、睢县、永城市)








金华市(金东区、浦江县、兰溪市、永康市、武义县、义乌市、磐安县、婺城区、东阳市)








洛阳市(宜阳县、老城区、新安县、伊川县、偃师区、嵩县、栾川县、洛宁县、洛龙区、汝阳县、西工区、孟津区、瀍河回族区、涧西区)








孝感市(孝南区、大悟县、汉川市、云梦县、应城市、安陆市、孝昌县)








漳州市(华安县、云霄县、南靖县、平和县、芗城区、龙海区、东山县、漳浦县、龙文区、诏安县、长泰区)








杭州市(建德市、西湖区、钱塘区、滨江区、淳安县、上城区、余杭区、萧山区、富阳区、桐庐县、临平区、临安区、拱墅区)








昌吉回族自治州(呼图壁县、阜康市、木垒哈萨克自治县、玛纳斯县、昌吉市、吉木萨尔县、奇台县)








揭阳市(榕城区、普宁市、惠来县、揭西县、揭东区)








广安市(武胜县、广安区、岳池县、华蓥市、邻水县、前锋区)








兰州市(七里河区、城关区、安宁区、永登县、西固区、红古区、榆中县、皋兰县)








晋城市(高平市、城区、沁水县、阳城县、陵川县、泽州县)








石家庄市(晋州市、裕华区、长安区、元氏县、桥西区、井陉县、栾城区、新华区、灵寿县、鹿泉区、高邑县、藁城区、正定县、深泽县、辛集市、新乐市、无极县、赵县、井陉矿区、赞皇县、平山县、行唐县)








咸阳市(兴平市、长武县、乾县、秦都区、永寿县、淳化县、彬州市、旬邑县、渭城区、礼泉县、泾阳县、三原县、杨陵区、武功县)








遂宁市(蓬溪县、船山区、射洪市、安居区、大英县)








香港特别行政区

  近来,美国政府在贸易和关税政策上的肆意妄为,不仅引起了全世界的广泛反对,也令美国国内正在面临通胀问题的普通民众苦不堪言。

  鉴于特朗普在去年美国总统选举时就预言过他的这一“美国利益优先”和逆全球化的政策方向,一些美国的经济学家也在反思为什么当时美国会有不少人认为这一政策方向是“正确”的,进而将特朗普送入了白宫。

  其中,美国加州大学圣地亚哥分校的经济学教授凯尔·汉德利(KyleHandley)就在一篇文章中认为,美国一些人热衷于逆全球化,认为全球化损害了美国经济,甚至把所谓“危害”“甩锅”给中国,根子在于美国自己对全球化的认识出现了偏差。

  在这篇发表在美国智库卡托研究所网站的文章中,汉德利表示驱使他撰写这篇文章的原因,是美国一些反对全球化的人一直在散播一种错误的观点,即认为经济学家对于全球化过于乐观,忽视了全球化以及随之而来的开放贸易和市场全球化给美国造成的失业、工业衰退以及经济困境。

  甚至于有声音还认为,认可全球化的主流经济学家都“不靠谱”,美国政府就应该与这些经济学家对着干,才能为美国找到“正确”的出路。

  在汉德利看来,这些反全球化的声音显然是错误的,是在以偏概全和选择性拼凑事实。但他同时认为,这些错误声音的出现,也与主流舆论没有阐述清楚全球化这一对世界经济影响深远的事务的复杂性、对全球化的呈现过于简单化和碎片化,存在关联。

  比如,他表示在上世纪80年代到90年代之间,经济学界普遍认为全球化带来的自由贸易,会给美国带来“净增益”,即便过程中会导致一些人的利益受损,这一阵痛也是“短期”的,很快会通过其他增益弥补回来。而后,在2000年中国加入世贸组织,中国制造的产品开始大量进入美国后,一些人便认为先前经济学界认为的全球化给美国制造业带来的阵痛只是“短期”的说法不成立了。这些人还将这一问题冠名为“中国冲击”,并开始不断研究“中国冲击”以及全球化给美国造成的负面影响。

  汉德利认为,单方面且碎片化地看待问题,就是以偏概全。

  就制造业工作机会的衰减而言,汉德利表示这一趋势在美国的出现其实远远早于中国加入世贸组织,在20世纪五六十年代就已经出现,而且一直持续到了现在——甚至于,从汉德利给出的一个美国制造业岗位的衰减趋势图来看,这一趋势最剧烈的时期并不是发生在中国加入世贸组织后的新千年之后,而是上世纪70到90年代。

  他指出,这一时期是全球科技快速进步、生产力快速提升的一个时期。所以,不是谁抢走了美国工人的工作岗位,而是这些岗位势必会被新科技和机器人等自动化所取代,而且这一现象也不仅出现在美国,日本、德国等很多发达国家,甚至一些发展中国家也出现了类似的情况。

  “所以,即便我们挥舞魔法棒,让美国在2001年时与中国完全脱钩,美国就业岗位中制造业岗位的长期衰退仍会继续,美国工人仍然会找不到新的机会”,汉德利写道。

  更重要的是,汉德利表示,这些制造业失去的工作岗位,其实都转化为了美国日益壮大的服务业岗位,比如科技研发、金融管理、运输物流以及仓储。即便是在制造业领域,美国的高科技制造业仍然在不断发展和扩张。只不过这一新旧岗位的转化过程比经济学家之前预期的要更为漫长和复杂,而且并不是出现在同一行业里,经济学家也在过去数十年里密切关注和研究着这些情况。汉德利表示,即便是在深入研究了这些情况后,经济学家仍然广泛认可全球化的好处,并且认为这种好处远大于走贸易保护主义的老路。

  “行业有起有伏,新的行业总会取代旧的行业。没有谁规定上世纪八九十年代的顶尖行业,就必须继续成为新时代的顶尖行业,哪怕科技已经大幅进步……通用电气不再生产电灯泡,IBM的专长成了云计算和软件,3M成为了消费产品的创新者而不是一个挖矿的......这些都是很好的发展”,汉德利写道。他认为,也正是这些全球化带来的发展,才让美国在科技创新和金融服务上成为了世界的领头羊。他还认为,这说明美国并没有——像一些反全球化的人所说的那样——在全球化中失去优势,因为优势本身就是一个在不断变化的动态概念。成功转型的美国工人和企业,就已经享受到了这些美国拥有更大优势的新领域带来的新生产力和红利。而这对于经济整体的长远发展来说,仍然是利大于弊的。

  此外,汉德利在讲述全球化以及自由贸易带来的好处时,还提到了一个很有意思的细节,即正是因为自由的对外贸易,才令美国如今可以通过进口鸡蛋应对国内的蛋荒问题。他认为,这说明全球化还能大大增强美国抵御不确定性和风险的韧性。而一个有韧性的经济,才更受市场欢迎。

  总之,汉德利认为,经济学家应该继续支持美国走全球化的路线,因为理论和现实都证明全球化对美国是利大于弊的,而且其好处远远多于充满了不确定性的、缺乏韧性、且脱离时代的贸易保护主义。只不过这种支持应该更加全面,既讲好处,也关注问题——并引导问题在全球化的框架下得到妥善且现实的化解,做好解释工作,而不是让贸易保护主义去误导人们开历史的倒车。

  最后,关于全球化和美国的制造业前景,英国《金融时报》最近的一篇文章还提到了一个很有意思的民调。这个民调是由如今发表了汉德利文章的卡托研究所,在去年8月进行的。其中的一项调查显示,尽管有高达八成的美国人认为让更多美国人从事制造业对美国有好处,但只有二成的人愿意亲自去工厂打螺丝。

沐卿顾辰顾风小说免费阅读-让你感受孕妇的坚韧与温暖。的相关文章 外贸该不该向客户收样品费?的相关文章
为什么年轻人宁愿在游戏里「搬砖」,也不愿加班赚「真」钱?
网传大量「人造蛋」流入市场
两男子饭后都不想买单装醉睡在室外
大理杨徐邱上诉案下周开庭
有什么冷门但好玩的城市推荐
玉珠峰南坡3名登山者已确认死亡
美国全面征收「对等关税」
印度医生让儿童吸支烟治感冒
美国大豆可能将永远失去中国市场
今年NBA哪支球队最有冠军相
薛凯琪连唱3首方大同的歌
抽烟、吃香蕉和在核电站工作的辐射量谁更大
  • 友情链接:
  • 名记:火勇大战的判罚会让人破防 古特雷斯称加沙成为杀戮之地 威少关键时刻一攻一防拯救掘金 网传大量「人造蛋」流入市场 时代峰峻否认贺峻霖恋爱 有没有比 GDP 增速更能真实反映经济状况的数据?用电量或者其他的? 成都一推拿馆给 6 个月大婴儿刮痧,婴儿适合刮痧吗?有哪些风险? 泰伦卢:小卡登场时间少是计划好的 北理:核查宫某涉嫌师德失范行为属实 快删除手机里的这些APP 中国被曝已不再生产出口美国的玩具, 玩具在美国或将成为奢侈品,美国对中国玩具依赖有多大?

    查看更多评价 ∨