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  近年较好满足市场需求的万能险,迎来监管新规。

  4月25日,金融监管总局发布《关于加强万能型人身保险监管有关事项的通知》(下称《通知》),涉及万能险产品设计、账户管理、资金运用等维度。《通知》坚持问题导向,聚焦保障功能有待强化、账户运作不规范、少数万能险资金运用较为激进等突出问题,从制度上有针对性地治理。

  《通知》自2025年5月1日起实施。保险公司已经开展的万能险业务不符合《通知》规定的,原则上应当于2026年4月30日前完成整改。

  最低保证利率可设置保证期间,此后可合理调整

  对于万能险产品,《通知》此次一大看点是,允许保险公司在满足相应约束条件时,对万能险产品调整最低保证利率,有效防范利差损风险。

  《通知》规定,“保险公司为强化资产负债管理、保障客户长期利益,可以对万能险最低保证利率设置保证期间,保证期满以后可以合理调整最低保证利率”。

  “特别是在利率下行期,可以通过降低最低保证利率,有效防范利差损风险。”金融监管总局有关司局负责人表示。

  万能险给予客户的收益为“保证+浮动”模式,实际支付的收益取决于结算利率,而结算利率与账户投资情况相关,但不会低于最低保证利率。此前,一款万能险产品上市后,其最低保证利率即确定不变。

  多位业内人士向券商中国记者分析,“对最低保证利率先设定一个保证期间、之后可调”,长期来看,对保险公司和客户来说是双赢的创新。特别是在利率下行期,这有利于保险公司降低刚性成本,增强稳健经营能力。与此同时,降低产品最低保证利率,未必不利于客户。从实操来看,并不是设置更高的保证利率就一定能为客户带来更高回报,原因在于,过高的保证利率会限制投资策略。就万能险来说,最低保证利率是一个参考,更应关注实际结算利率情况。

  自2024年10月1日起,截至目前,万能型保险产品最低保证利率上限为1.5%。据Wind数据,1170款万能险产品公布了今年3月的结算利率,有1154款产品结算利率在2%或以上,其中546只产品的结算利率在3%或以上。

  《通知》要求,保险公司在销售此类产品时应当向客户充分提示风险,在调整最低保证利率时应当及时告知调整原因并做好客户服务。

  同时,《通知》对期缴万能险适当提高基本保险费上限,鼓励发展长期万能险。《通知》还就进一步提升万能险保障水平作出规定。禁止保险公司开发五年期以下的万能险,鼓励通过合理调整退保费用、保单持续奖金等产品设计要素延长保单实际存续期限。

  建立结算利率平滑机制,规范特别储备使用

  对于万能险账户,《通知》的一大重点是规范账户收益结算。要求保险公司根据账户真实投资情况合理审慎地确定万能险结算利率。建立结算利率平滑机制,同时严格规范特别储备的使用。

  根据《通知》,保险公司应当对万能险单独账户建立明确的盈余分配规则,并据此提取特别储备。特别储备不得为负值,且只能来自于万能险单独账户投资收益率与实际结算利率之差的积累。特别储备的使用要求如下:

  1.当本期年化投资收益率不低于最低保证利率,且特别储备余额超过账户价值的2%时,保险公司可以使用特别储备弥补本期结算利率与本期年化投资收益率之间的差额,但差额不得超过25个基点;

  2.当本期年化投资收益率不低于最低保证利率,但特别储备余额不超过账户价值的2%时,保险公司不得使用特别储备,本期万能险结算利率不得高于年化投资收益率。

  3.当本期年化投资收益率低于最低保证利率时,保险公司可以使用特别储备弥补最低保证利率与本期年化投资收益率之间的差额,本期万能险结算利率不得高于最低保证利率。

  《通知》要求,当万能险单独账户出现下列情形,且特别储备不足时,本期结算利率不得高于最低保证利率与本期年化投资收益率的较高者:

  1.按月度结算的万能险账户,连续三个月年化投资收益率均低于年化结算利率;

  2.按季度结算的万能险账户,上季度年化投资收益率低于上季度年化结算利率;

  3.按年度结算的万能险账户,上年度投资收益率低于上年度结算利率。

  强化集中度监管和非标投资监管

  在强化万能险资金运用监管上,《通知》要求加强资产负债管理,并强化集中度监管、非标投资监管、关联交易监管,禁止通过多层嵌套、通道业务等方式开展不当关联交易。

  在强化集中度监管方面,《通知》对万能险资金投资单一股权投资基金、不动产相关金融产品等的比例,从严设置上限。

  《通知》规定,万能险资金运用应当符合以下规定:

  1.投资单一未上市企业股权的余额,不得超过该未上市企业总股本的20%;投资单一股权投资基金的余额,不得超过该股权投资基金实缴份额的30%。

  2.投资单一不动产相关金融产品的账面余额,不得超过该产品实缴规模的25%。

  3.投资单一集合资金信托计划的余额,不得超过该产品实收信托规模的25%(信用等级为AAA级的除外)。

  在非标投资监管方面,《通知》对万能险资金投资非标不动产和非标金融产品的比例,从严设置上限。

  《通知》规定,保险公司万能险账户投资资产中,投资未上市权益类资产、不动产类资产和其他金融资产的账面余额合计不得超过账户资产价值的45%,其中,投资未在银行间市场、证券交易所市场等国务院同意设立的交易市场交易的资产,合计不得超过账户资产价值的40%;投资单一项目的账面余额不得超过账户资产价值的5%,购买同一集团内保险资产管理产品除外。单一项目按穿透原则认定。

  此外,《通知》还规范万能险销售行为。制定万能险销售“负面清单”,强化监督管理。

  金融监管总局有关司局负责人表示,《通知》的制定坚持从严监管、突出问题导向、实行新老划断。坚持防范风险与有序规范相结合,稳妥审慎推进制度实施。充分考虑市场影响,对不符合《通知》要求的存量业务,给予一年的过渡期,保障人身险市场平稳运行。为防范增量风险,要求过渡期内新审批或备案的产品须符合《通知》规定。

  责编:战术恒

  排版:刘珺宇

  校对:杨舒欣

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  央视网消息:中国驻美国大使馆发言人就美方希就关税问题与中方对话答记者问。

  问:近日,美方多次表示愿就关税问题与中方达成协议,并称双方已进行了对话。中方对此有何评论?

  答:有关言论纯属混淆视听。据我了解,中美双方并没有就关税问题进行磋商或谈判,更谈不上达成协议。这场关税战是美方挑起的,“解铃还须系铃人”。如果美方真的想通过对话谈判解决问题,就应该纠正错误,停止威胁讹诈,彻底取消所有对华单边关税措施,在平等、尊重、互惠的基础上同中方对话。

  相互尊重、和平共处、合作共赢是新时期中美两国的正确相处之道。一边说要同中方达成协议,一边不断搞极限施压,这不是同中方打交道的正确方式,也是行不通的。

热点栏目自选股数据中心行情中心资金流向模拟交易客户端

  21世纪经济报道记者赵云帆上海报道

  A股首个竞争性要约收购案例,背后却蕴藏着难以捉摸的股权争夺疑云。

  今年以来,油气开采运营企业ST新潮(维权)(600777.SH)迎来了两个要约收购对手方。其中浙江金帝石油勘探开发有限公司(以下简称“金帝石油”)于今年1月17日公布要约收购计划,计划按照3.10元/股的价格,收购ST新潮20%股权。

  紧随其后,另一家上市公司伊泰B在4月18日也发出要约收购,但收购价格打到了3.40元/股,收购规模亦提高到了51%的ST新潮总股本。

  本周(4月17日到25日),这一竞争性要约收购事件,又有了戏剧化的进展。

  截至4月25日收盘,ST新潮本周累计上涨12.32%,收至3.19元/股。值得关注的是,这一价位已经涨破了竞争性要约收购的其中一方:金帝石油给出的要约收购价格3.10元/股。

  考虑到金帝石油方要约期为5月7日截止,一旦ST新潮股价在5月7日收盘前仍超过3.10元/股,金帝石油要约收购大概率将以失败告终。

  而在这场竞争性要约收购计划背后,投资者所担忧的,可能还有双方的“履约风险”。

  A股竞争性要约将见分晓

  从董事会争夺,到竞争性要约,ST新潮的股权之争,已绵延数年时间。

  当前,ST新潮仍然处于无实际控制人状态。截至去年三季报,公司最大股东宁波国金阳光股权投资中心(有限合伙)仅持有上市公司股权6.39%,第二大股东北京盛邦科华商贸有限公司持股5.51%,前十大股东合计持股仅36.41%。

  然而,此番竞争性要约收购计划,不仅将彻底改变ST新潮无实际控制人的地位,其甚至有可能“矫枉过正”。

  根据两项要约收购计划,金帝石油和伊泰B将分别收购ST新潮20%和51%的股权,合计收集的股权比例将达到71%。ST新潮的公众持股将至少缩减至29%。

  这也意味着,若ST新潮当前的第一、第二大股东任意一方不被定义为公众持股,那么ST新潮将因公众持股不足25%,从而面临被私有化退市的风险。

  不过,从当前的股价来看,金帝石油方对ST新潮的要约收购,或因二级市场股价过高而存在直接流产的可能。

  按照双方的要约收购计划,金帝石油将以3.10元/股的价格对ST新潮发起要约收购,收购总股本比例为20%。然而,伊泰B随即祭出更高的3.40元/股收购价格,并将要约收购的总规模定在ST新潮总股本的51%。而这意味着,按照ST新潮68亿总股本计算,金帝石油的收购总对价高达46.24亿元,而伊泰B的收购对价高达117亿元。

  海量的收购对垒背后,收购双方的资金实力引发了投资者的关注。

  伊泰B为内蒙古民营企业,业务涉及煤炭生产、运输、销售,覆盖铁路运输及煤化工领域,拥有10座直属及控股煤矿,主产环保型动力煤,客户包括火电、建材及化工企业。公司2024年三季度末总资产845.09亿元,净资产474.9亿元;2021-2023年以及2024年前三季度,伊泰B净利润分别为86.43亿、109.75亿、77.28亿和51.02亿元人民币。

  相比之下,金帝石油控股股东金帝控股总资产283.33亿元,净资产63.33亿元;从营业情况来看,金帝控股2024年营收为71.82亿元,净利润仅1.18亿元。

  虽然双方均有雄厚资产,但金帝石油显然略逊一筹。

  从收购计划结构来看,金帝石油计划以75%自有资金和25%的银行贷款支付要约对价,而伊泰B方面则将全部使用自有资金。双方也均提交了交易保证金。

  伊泰B背后隐现与要约失败方关联

  值得注意的是,去年,内蒙古鄂尔多斯的汇能控股集团有限公司(下称“汇能集团”)旗下的北京汇能海投新能源开发有限公司(下称“汇能海投”)也曾对ST新潮发起要约收购。但由于汇能集团彼时未能有效披露一致行动人,最终交易被终止。

  而此番伊泰B的要约收购,疑似又与汇能集团此前的要约收购不无关联。

  资料显示,汇能集团亦为内蒙古煤炭企业,与伊泰B一样,其总部也位于鄂尔多斯市。

  同时,双方在业务和投资上也有频繁的合作。企查查数据显示,伊泰B股汇能集团当前共同投资的标的包括大马铁路有限责任公司、新包神铁路有限责任公司、准朔铁路有限责任公司和内蒙古大地雄心影业有限公司。

  其中,大马铁路有限责任公司中,伊泰B通过子公司持股63%,汇能集团持股11.44%。新包神铁路有限责任公司中,伊泰B持股15.14%,汇能集团持股5.05%。准朔铁路有限责任公司中,伊泰B持股10.59%,汇能集团持股3.59%。内蒙古大地雄心影业有限公司中,双方各持股20%。此外,包括双方管理人员方面,两者均在下属被投企业中有较多交集。

  另据公开资料显示,伊泰B主要股东之一内蒙古满世煤炭集团股份有限公司,亦与汇能集团存在较多交集,并共同设立了多个私募股权主体。

  截至4月25日收盘,ST新潮报3.14元/股,股价虽然已超过金帝石油的要约收购价格,但距离伊泰B价格仍然有约7%空间。

  有投行人士表示,目前市场已经接受了金帝石油存在“出局”的可能,但仍然对伊泰B是否能顺利完成对ST新潮的要约收购存在疑虑。

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