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李阳周雪小说笔趣阁_探索青春的奇幻世界,尽享无限乐趣与感动!
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李阳周雪小说笔趣阁_探索青春的奇幻世界,尽享无限乐趣与感动!

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  记者 彭 妍

  时至今年4月份,个人养老金制度出台已满三年。随着个人养老金制度不断完善,各类产品数量持续增加。据国家社会保险公共服务平台数据统计,截至4月24日,个人养老金产品达到1013只,其中,储蓄产品466只、基金产品289只、保险产品225只、理财产品33只。从增长速度看,保险产品是过去三年中数量增长最快的品类,其增速远超其他类型产品;基金产品紧随其后,尤其是指数基金纳入后增速显著;相比之下,储蓄产品和理财产品增长乏力。

  受访人士表示,我国个人养老金制度实施三年来,产品体系实现从无到有的跨越式发展,纳入国家平台的产品规模已突破千款。但在数量快速扩张背后,产品结构失衡与投资者参与度分化问题依旧存在。

  中国邮政储蓄银行研究员娄飞鹏建议,破解当前困境需从三方面发力:一是政策端强化制度吸引力。政策上从税收优惠支持、研究适当提高缴存上限等方面,支持引导个人参与个人养老金制度。二是产品端构建适配性体系。产品上切实稳定产品收益,畅通产品销售渠道,更好触达客户。三是服务端深化投资者陪伴。金融机构需要加强客户教育,并选择好营销客群。

  基金、保险类产品数量大增

  2022年4月21日,国务院办公厅印发的《关于推动个人养老金发展的意见》提出,推动发展适合中国国情、政府政策支持、个人自愿参加、市场化运营的个人养老金。个人养老金制度于同年11月25日起正式启动,在北京、上海、广州、西安、成都等36个城市(地区)先行先试。2024年12月份,人力资源和社会保障部(以下简称“人社部”)等五部门发布的《关于全面实施个人养老金制度的通知》明确,自2024年12月15日起,个人养老金制度实施范围扩大到全国。

  从产品结构看,个人养老金保险产品在个人养老金市场中占据着重要地位。记者梳理发现,个人养老金制度试点启动以来,保险产品在类型和数量上均呈现显著扩容:试点初期仅有7只专属商业养老保险,截至2023年末已增至107只,覆盖年金险、两全险等产品类型;截至目前,在售产品达225只,涉及29家险企,产品类型从专属商业养老保险、年金险、两全险已拓展至分红型、万能型等新型产品。

  中国银行研究院研究员杜阳对《证券日报》记者表示,个人养老金保险产品在类型和数量上均呈现显著扩容主要源于多重驱动因素。一方面,政策鼓励与制度优势是核心推动力。保险产品具备长期保障属性,与个人养老金“长期储备、保值增值”的目标天然契合。监管部门也积极引导保险公司参与个人养老金市场,进一步激发市场活力。另一方面,保险机构在养老金融领域具有较深厚的运营经验和产品储备,通过对原有养老年金保险等产品的适配改造,能够迅速推出符合监管要求的个人养老金产品。

  与此同时,基金类产品数量也呈显著增长态势。2022年129只养老目标FOF入围首批个人养老基金名录,截至2023年末已增至162只;2024年12月份,首批85只权益类指数基金获准进入个人养老金投资目录,该类别产品总量于2025年4月份达289只,推动基金产品在个人养老金投资品类中的占比提升至28.5%。

  储蓄、理财产品遇增长瓶颈

  在个人养老金产品体系中,储蓄与理财两类产品的增长动能显著弱于保险、基金品类。截至2025年4月24日,个人养老金产品总量1013只,其中储蓄类与理财类合计占比不足50%,且近一年半仅分别新增1只、10只,与保险、基金的爆发式扩容形成鲜明对比。

  记者梳理发现,截至2023年12月31日,储蓄产品465只,理财产品23只。截至2025年4月24日,其储蓄产品数量仅微幅扩容至466只,理财产品数量扩容至33只。

  具体来看,储蓄产品超六成集中于工商银行、建设银行等六大国有银行。在利率持续向下的趋势下,政策初期储蓄产品年利率多在2%至3.3%区间。随着2024年多次降息,养老储蓄产品利率也一降再降。理财类产品同样陷入增长瓶颈,此类产品底层资产与普通理财高度趋同,90%以上配置债券及货币市场工具,缺乏养老产业、绿色基建等特色资产支撑,2024年平均收益率仅1.09%。

  杜阳表示,储蓄与理财产品在个人养老金市场中虽具规模基础,但增长明显放缓,主要由于其在收益性、灵活性与吸引力方面的相对劣势。一方面,储蓄产品以定期存款为主,利率受限于宏观利率下行,吸引力逐年降低;而理财产品在资管新规后转为净值型管理,波动性有所增加,使得部分投资者持谨慎态度。另一方面,这两类产品尚未形成与养老长期目标高度匹配的机制,导致边际吸引力不强。

  在杜阳看来,银行需发挥自身优势巩固其市场份额,应从以下几方面发力:一是提升产品配置灵活性,增强储蓄产品在养老金账户内的适用性;二是丰富理财产品策略,引入多策略、多期限产品组合,提升风险收益比,特别是加强对稳健类理财的研发投入;三是加大宣传和投资者教育,并结合智能投顾辅助客户进行养老金账户内资产配置。

  政策、产品与服务协同发力

  个人养老金制度实施三年来,个人养老金产品从“零”到“千只”,然而,产品数量扩张背后仍存在产品结构失衡、市场参与度不足、投资者适配度偏低等问题。人社部数据显示,截至2024年11月末,已有7279万人开通个人养老金账户,但实际缴费账户占比仅为28.7%。

  杜阳表示,目前个人养老金制度面临的核心问题之一是参与深度不足、缴存比例低,主要原因包括账户使用体验有限、认知水平较低及年轻群体参与意愿不高等。

  上海金融与法律研究院杨海平对《证券日报》记者表示,针对个人养老金“开户热、缴费冷”问题,一是加大税收优惠,研究设立应急取出和补缴机制;二是银行整合资源,以财务规划和顾问服务为切入点,优化养老金融服务体系;三是金融机构增加长期限产品供给,提升吸引力;四是加强投资者沟通,做好市场解读和账户管理陪伴服务;五是推动数字金融融合,提升开户投资便捷性,加载场景化增值服务。

  “金融机构需围绕政策对接、产品创新与服务优化三大层面协同发力。”杜阳认为,政策对接方面,积极响应国家关于养老金制度多支柱发展的部署,主动参与顶层设计建议、提升金融科技在制度实施中的支撑作用,协助监管构建更具激励效力与公平性的税优体系。产品创新方面,应从“同质化”向“定制化”转变,根据不同年龄、收入、风险偏好等维度推出个性化养老产品组合,推动“账户+组合”的全生命周期资产配置服务。服务优化方面,则需强化客户陪伴机制,如引入智能客服、个性化推送、养老金规划咨询等。

  招联消费金融股份有限公司首席研究员董希淼对《证券日报》记者表示,下一步,应进一步优化调整个人养老金制度。相关部门应在税收优惠、产品准入等方面采取更多的支持政策。个人养老金账户的投资上限可以进行适当调整,以此来吸引更多的投资者开立账户。金融机构包括商业银行、保险公司、基金公司等,要推出更多符合投资者需求的专属产品。特别是银行要引入更多的同业产品,适当提供咨询服务,让投资者有更加多元化的选择,提高投资意愿。

  (责任编辑:孙丹)

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