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  来源:IPO日报

  近日,上交所就内蒙古伊泰煤炭股份有限公司(900948.SH,下称“伊泰B股”)向山东新潮能源股份有限公司(600777.SH,下称“ST新潮(维权)”)公司股东发出部分要约,并构成竞争要约的相关事宜,下发监管工作函,督促ST新潮依规履行竞争要约收购相关信息披露义务。

  上交所发函当晚,ST新潮火速发布《关于收到要约收购报告书及摘要的提示性公告》,称近日收到伊泰B股发来的要约收购报告书,本次要约收购的主体为伊泰B股,伊泰B股旨在增强上市公司股权结构稳定性并取得上市公司控制权。

  而由于浙江金帝石油勘探开发有限公司(下称“金帝石油”)4月初已向ST新潮发来了20%股权的要约收购报告书,故本次伊泰B股的要约收购构成竞争要约。

  加之伊泰B股此次要约收购,ST新潮在8个月时间内共收到三次涉及要约收购事项,目标均直指公司控制权。

  股价方面,近期ST新潮股价迎来一波快速上涨,3月20日收盘价为2.09元/股,4月22日报收3.13元/股,上涨幅度近50%,总市值达212.86亿元。

  4月21日收盘价

  制图:佘诗婕

  竞争性要约收购

  根据竞争要约的定义,通常是两个或以上的收购方,在同一时间段内对同一目标公司发起要约,且收购条件存在竞争,故构成竞争性要约。

  根据公告,伊泰B股拟要约收购股份数量为34.68亿股,占上市公司总股本的51%,要约收购价格为3.40元/股,具体起止日期为4月23日至5月22日。

  根据金帝石油4月2日发布的公告,其拟以3.10元/股的价格收购ST新潮20%的股份,数量为13.6亿股,要约期限为4月8日至5月7日。

  由此来看,伊泰B股和金帝石油的要约时间重叠,且都旨在获得控制权,所以构成竞争性要约。

  A股历史上虽有过多次要约收购案例,但同一家公司同时被多方发起竞争性要约尚属首次。此前类似案例如“宝万之争”主要通过二级市场增持实现,而本次以明确要约价格和比例展开博弈,对市场定价机制和股东决策的影响更为显著。

  而在去年8月,北京汇能海投新能源开发有限公司(下称“汇能海投”)拟要约收购ST新潮总股本46%的股份,要约收购价格为3.10元/股,不过后因汇能海投隐瞒一致行动人关系,已宣布终止筹划要约收购。

  有市场人士表示,对于有志于布局上游资源的能源企业而言,ST新潮仍保留在非常规油气领域的牌照、资产与管线网络,或为一张不错的“入场券”。

  缘何被看上?

  ST新潮作为拥有成熟油气业务的上市平台,其资产价值与壳资源价值形成双重吸引力。

  公开资料,ST新潮的主业是石油天然气的上游勘探开采及销售,且是A股目前唯一一家实现油气上游全产业链国际化运营的上市公司,其99%以上资产布局于北美油气核心产区。

  公司定期报告披露的数据显示,2023年,其美国子公司日产油气当量达6.2万桶,在美国知名能源咨询公司Enverus2023年发布的全美非上市油气企业排名中,位居第11,作业规模超越壳牌、BP(BritishPetroleum,英国石油公司)在德克萨斯州美国页岩油领域的业务体量,成为美国页岩油领域最大的外资企业,也是目前除国际石油巨头之外,在美国本土唯一成规模的独立决策独立作业的外资油气公司。

  财务数据显示,2023年,ST新潮实现营业收入88.49亿元,较2018年的47.81亿元增长85%;归母净利润从2018年6.01亿元大幅跃升至25.96亿元。

  制图:李昕

  2021年至2023年,公司资产负债率连续下降,由53.40%降至40.12%,货币资金储备量由2018年的4.42亿元增长至2023年的24.05亿元,增长幅度为444%。

  制图:李昕

  另外,从股权结构来看,自2020年“德隆系”旧部出局后,公司长期处于无主状态,且股权结构较为分散,公司第一大股东宁波国金目前仅持股6.39%,前十大股东合计持股不足30%,这种类型的股权结构使其成为资本运作的天然标的。

  需要注意的是,ST新潮目前还处于“戴帽”状态。因中兴华会计师事务所(特殊普通合伙)出具了否定意见的《内部控制审计报告》,公司股票自2024年4月30日起被实施其他风险警示。且监管记录显示,公司近三年已收到12份监管函件,涉及信息披露、关联交易等多方面问题。

  百亿级资本角力

  从要约收购价格、要约方的综合实力来看,伊泰B股似乎更有竞争力。

  资料显示,伊泰B股是内蒙古最大的地方煤炭企业,是以煤炭生产、运输、销售为基础,集铁路与煤化工为一体的大型清洁能源企业。目前公司直属及控股的机械化煤矿共10座,主要产品为环保型优质动力煤,主要作为下游火电、建材及化工等行业企业的燃料用煤。

  财务数据显示,截至2024年9月30日,伊泰B股资产总额845.09亿元,净资产474.9亿元,资产负债率为33.37%。

  2024年前三季度,伊泰B股实现营业收入377.8亿元,净利润51.02亿元;2021年至2023年,公司实现净利润86.43亿元、109.75亿元、77.28亿元。

  公告显示,伊泰B股已将本次要约所需资金117.92亿元存入中登公司上海分公司指定账户,作为本次要约收购的履约保证金。

  不过,目前金帝石油对ST新潮的部分要约,已进入预受要约阶段。

  这也就意味着,已预受金帝石油要约的ST新潮股东如拟预受伊泰B股竞争要约,需委托证券公司撤回对金帝石油的预受要约后另行申报。

  花落谁家?

  接着来看金帝石油,其背靠的金帝联合控股集团有限公司(下称“金帝控股”)是一家跨地区的企业集团,成立于1992年,总部位于杭州市萧山区。

  金帝控股在能源领域拥有丰富的经验,业务涵盖海外油气田、大宗石化贸易、国内天然气、地产开发与运营、产业投资等多元化板块,其海外油气田板块持有印度尼西亚两处、乍得共和国一处油气区块权益。

  但相比伊泰B股,金帝控股的资产规模较小。截至2024年年末,公司拥有资产总额283.33亿元,净资产63.33亿元,2024年营收71.82亿元。

  根据公告,金帝控股此次要约收购总金额42.16亿元,资金中40%(约16.87亿元)为自有资金,而其余60%(约25.3亿元)要依赖银行贷款。

  此前,金帝石油曾表示,ST新潮的页岩油勘探开采业务具有较高的专业性,跨境经营对管理团队专业背景和国际化经营能力有较高要求,上市公司现任中美管理团队在化风险、谋发展方面取得显著成绩。要约收购ST新潮是金帝控股国际化战略推进的关键一步。

  在此次百亿级资本角力中,伊泰B股作为传统煤炭巨头,金帝控股作为民营能源集团,竞相争夺油气资产控制权,在一定程度上,反映出传统能源企业向全产业链延伸的迫切需求。

  对此,有市场人士分析,最终控制权归属可能取决于三大因素,即收购方资金实力、监管审批效率以及中小股东接受要约的意愿,而最终ST新潮的控制权究竟花落谁家,IPO日报也将持续关注。

  2024年,中国膳食营养补充剂(VDS)行业经历剧烈震荡,医保政策调整、直播电商冲击叠加消费需求疲软,行业龙头汤臣倍健交出了一份“营收净利双降”的成绩单:全年营收68.38亿元,同比下滑27.3%;归母净利润6.53亿元,同比暴跌62.62%。尽管市场份额居行业前列,但这份财报暴露出传统模式失效、产品迭代迟缓和渠道变革滞后的多重危机。本文从财务数据与战略调整双重视角,解析汤臣倍健的困境与破局之道。

  业绩双降:核心单品拖累营收、线下药店渠道“失血”严重

  主品牌全线溃退,产品矩阵青黄不接。核心主品牌“汤臣倍健”收入37.37亿元,同比下降30.8%;氨糖类明星产品“健力多”收入8.08亿元,降幅达31.5%。两大支柱产品收入合计占比从2021年的62%降至2024年的45%,但替代性新品未能补位,导致整体营收断崖式下滑。除此之外,“lifespace”国内产品实现收入3.14亿元,同比下降29.38%,境外LSG实现收入8.72亿元,同比下降11.80%

  片剂(-38.4%)、粉剂(-37.3%)等传统剂型销售萎缩,而胶囊类(-16.45%)和液体钙等新形态产品尚未形成规模效应,产品迭代速度落后于消费者偏好变化。

  渠道分化加剧,线下药店“失血”严重。线下渠道崩塌,受医保政策限制药店保健品销售及消费降级影响,汤臣倍健线下收入34.18亿元,同比下降29.8%。其中药店渠道销售额同比下滑20%,部分区域经销商数量从938家缩减至738家,渠道收缩加剧业绩压力。

  线上转型不力,尽管直播电商成为行业增量主战场,但公司线上收入33.63亿元(-25.4%),远低于行业平均增速。抖音、拼多多等平台布局滞后,导致流量红利被新兴品牌蚕食。

  新品市场反馈平平、核心原料仍依赖进口销售费用率44%创新高

  研发投入不足掣肘突围,新品市场反馈平淡。2024年推出61款新品,但仅液体钙、磁感小粉瓶等少数产品进入热销榜,新品贡献营收占比不足10%。过度依赖“原料升级+剂型微调”的创新路径,未能切入抗衰、精准营养等新兴赛道。

  专利布局滞后。尽管新增“越橘抗糖基化”等数十项专利,但核心原料仍依赖进口(如氨糖原料70%来自欧美),关键技术壁垒尚未建立,难以支撑高溢价。

  公司尝试通过抖音等平台推广高单价产品(如298元的液体钙),但低价促销策略导致毛利率下降,陷入“销量换份额、利润换流量”的恶性循环。

  药店渠道价值重估:董事长梁允超提出“重塑药店VDS价值链”,计划通过定制化产品和数字化管理系统提升终端动销。但医保政策限制下,药店渠道萎缩趋势难以逆转,转型成效存疑。

  除此之外,值得关注的是,公司销售费用依旧高企,但却未换来业绩提升。2024年,汤臣倍健的销售费用超30亿元,销售费用率更是创下新高,达44%。

  未来展望:周期阵痛与长期价值的博弈

  汤臣倍健的困境折射出中国VDS行业的集体焦虑:当传统渠道红利消退、消费者认知升级,单纯依赖营销驱动的增长模式已难以为继。尽管公司提出“以攻为守”战略,但短期仍需直面三大挑战:

  产品力重塑:能否在抗衰、精准营养等赛道打造现象级爆品,扭转“大单品依赖症”;

  渠道效率革命:平衡直播电商的流量获取与利润留存,重建线下渠道价值网络;

  研发投入兑现:持续投入核心技术研发,打破原料与专利的外资垄断。

  投资者需警惕2025年两大风险信号:若核心单品收入占比进一步降,或境外亏损扩大,可能触发估值逻辑重构。汤臣倍健的转型,不仅是一场业绩保卫战,更关乎中国VDS产业能否从“营销内卷”迈向“科技驱动”的新周期。

  注:本文创作借助AI工具收集整理市场数据和行业信息,结合辅助观点分析和撰写成文。

  瑞穗金融集团和乐天集团旗下证券部门的金融咨询合资企业首席执行官表示,该合资企业目标是在运营的头五年内使客户资产达到500亿日元(3.57亿美元)。

  随着通货膨胀侵蚀储蓄,且日本政府鼓励对家庭资产进行投资(其中约一半家庭资产以现金和存款形式存在),该合资企业正利用日本国内对财富管理服务不断增长的需求。

  未来财富伙伴公司首席执行官新道正树在接受路透社采访时表示,近期的市场波动也有助于吸引客户。

  未来财富伙伴公司成立于一年前,瑞穗证券持有95%的股份,乐天证券持有其余5%的股份。截至4月中旬,该公司管理的客户资产为35亿日元。

  新道表示,美国总统唐纳德・特朗普本月以及去年8月宣布关税措施后,日本资产的剧烈波动吸引了许多此前一直通过乐天证券的在线账户自主投资的客户。

  他说:“我们收到越来越多来自客户的咨询,这些客户此前一直在投资股票和指数基金,现在他们想知道,鉴于当前的趋势,他们的投资是否安全。”

  新道称,在线咨询占咨询总量的70%,甚至在60岁以上的客户中也很受欢迎。

  新道还表示,未来财富伙伴公司目前有五名金融顾问,而去年只有三名,随着管理资产的增加,公司计划在明年招聘更多员工。

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