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两个人一前一后攻击叙述|未来大豆市场的机遇与挑战解析
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两个人一前一后攻击叙述|未来大豆市场的机遇与挑战解析24小时售后客服热线电话《2025汇总》









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两个人一前一后攻击叙述|未来大豆市场的机遇与挑战解析24小时售后客服热线电话《2025汇总》:

 抚州市(东乡区、临川区、崇仁县、黎川县、南城县、乐安县、宜黄县、金溪县、南丰县、资溪县、广昌县)





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恩施土家族苗族自治州(宣恩县、恩施市、建始县、鹤峰县、来凤县、利川市、咸丰县、巴东县)









宝鸡市(凤县、千阳县、太白县、麟游县、陈仓区、岐山县、金台区、凤翔区、渭滨区、眉县、陇县、扶风县)  大连市(西岗区、瓦房店市、旅顺口区、普兰店区、沙河口区、庄河市、长海县、金州区、甘井子区、中山区)









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吉安市(吉安县、遂川县、永新县、峡江县、吉水县、安福县、万安县、吉州区、泰和县、井冈山市、青原区、新干县、永丰县)甘南藏族自治州(卓尼县、碌曲县、夏河县、临潭县、玛曲县、舟曲县、迭部县、合作市)









咸宁市(崇阳县、咸安区、嘉鱼县、通城县、通山县、赤壁市)  云浮市(新兴县、罗定市、云安区、郁南县、云城区)









阿克苏地区(温宿县、拜城县、阿克苏市、乌什县、阿瓦提县、新和县、库车市、沙雅县、柯坪县)









西双版纳傣族自治州(景洪市、勐腊县、勐海县)









贵阳市(云岩区、观山湖区、息烽县、白云区、花溪区、清镇市、乌当区、修文县、南明区、开阳县)庆阳市(西峰区、宁县、华池县、合水县、正宁县、环县、镇原县、庆城县)









石河子市(可克达拉市、五家渠市、胡杨河市、昆玉市、图木舒克市、阿拉尔市、新星市、双河市、北屯市、铁门关市、白杨市)









锡林郭勒盟(多伦县、东乌珠穆沁旗、镶黄旗、锡林浩特市、正镶白旗、阿巴嘎旗、苏尼特左旗、苏尼特右旗、西乌珠穆沁旗、二连浩特市、太仆寺旗、正蓝旗)









玉溪市(新平彝族傣族自治县、峨山彝族自治县、江川区、通海县、易门县、红塔区、澄江市、华宁县、元江哈尼族彝族傣族自治县)









南平市(政和县、浦城县、建瓯市、松溪县、顺昌县、武夷山市、延平区、建阳区、光泽县、邵武市)









长治市(黎城县、襄垣县、上党区、潞城区、壶关县、长子县、沁源县、潞州区、沁县、武乡县、屯留区、平顺县)









三门峡市(湖滨区、渑池县、陕州区、卢氏县、义马市、灵宝市)

2025年4月,美国政府宣布对中国输美商品征收“对等关税”,税率高达34%。作为反制措施,中国自4月10日起对原产于美国的进口商品加征34%关税。

国内医药产业格局生变,进口药成本攀升,国产药能否借此崛起?医药产业未来走向又将如何?

医药博弈七年路

自2018年以来,美国颁布了多项对华医药领域的打压政策,此次关税新政看似突发,实则已是早有预兆。

2018年4月,美国根据《301调查》公布首批500亿美元征税清单,涉及122项医药产品,意图削弱中国在低端医疗供应链的优势地位。同年11月,美国实施《外国投资风险评估现代化法案》,将生物科技研发纳入国家安全审查范围,限制中国资本进入美国生物医药领域。

2019年5月,美国国会提出《中国技术转移限制法案》,明确禁止向中国出口生物技术等核心技术。

2022年2月,美国以“未经核实清单”限制药明生物关键设备进口,暴露中国生物医药供应链的对外依赖;同年3月通过《外国公司问责法》,迫使百济神州等中概药企面临退市风险,进一步收紧资本通道。

2023年,美国以打击芬太尼为由,多次制裁中国医药化工企业,扩大实体清单范围。2024年5月,美国白宫宣布分阶段提高低值医疗器械关税。

2025年4月,美国政府再推对等关税政策,九成药品虽在豁免清单中,但对中国医药市场仍有不小冲击。

美国自2018年以来对中国医药领域实施多项打压政策,其核心目的有三:一是维护自身医药产业霸权,通过关税、技术封锁等手段,遏制中国医药企业崛起,巩固其在高端医药市场的主导地位,保障美国企业利润。二是阻碍中国医药产业升级,延缓中国从低端向高端医药领域发展的进程。三是服务国内政治,同时试图主导国际医药规则制定,维护其在全球医药领域的主导权。这些政策虽短期内冲击中国医药市场,但也促使中国加快自主创新和产业升级步伐。

43款美药,谁主沉浮?

若关税政策正式落地,美国对华药品出口是否还维持盈利空间,其背后折射出医药产业链重构的核心逻辑——本土替代策略的可行性。

回溯国际医药贸易框架,WTO《药品协定》明确规定成员国间应免除药品关税。尽管美方曾释放加征关税信号,但最新豁免清单显示,化药制剂、生物制品及大宗原料药等仍被排除在加税范围外,仅有布洛芬等个别原料药被纳入征税目录。这种政策倾斜反映出一个现实:当前阶段,中美医药贸易仍可维持基本稳定,双方尚未启动全面关税反制措施。

然而,政策随时变动的潜在风险不容忽视。若双边税率突破创新药企普遍毛利率阈值时,全部净利润将被吞噬,更将导致毛利润归零,任何企业都难以承受如此极端压力。

聚焦中国市场,美国在华独家原研药现有43款。一旦高关税阻断进口通道,本土仿制药与生物类似药企业将快速填补市场空白。从产业逻辑推演,当医药领域高关税壁垒常态化,美方药品退出中国市场,国产药品将直接进入无竞争市场环境。这无疑是加快推进国产替代的节奏。

图:美药在中国上市销售的43款原研药

来源:根据PharmaONE药物研发大平台整理,中国医药工业信息中心

豁免高地新药突围

现行关税机制以货物贸易差额为计算基准,而我国创新药出海主要是IP转让,通过BD合作对外授权,并不产生实体商品的交易,通常不纳入传统逆差统计范畴。以百济神州为代表的头部企业,选择对目标市场实施本地化生产策略,这种模式同样有效规避了传统货物贸易的关税风险。

数据显示,2024年我国生物医药企业达成的跨境技术许可协议数量与潜在价值总额均突破历史峰值,其中首付款规模达41亿美元,协议总价值累计突破519亿美元。

图:近5年国内药企Licenseout交易情况

来源:根据PDB药物综合数据库整理,中国医药工业信息中心

当前中国创新药企已占据全球授权合作项目总量的14%,价值贡献度达30%,逐步成为国际管线扩充的核心供给端。其技术输出具备显著成本优势——相较欧美同类产品,中国原研分子在保证技术含量的前提下,研发成本压缩幅度达35-50%,为引进方实现研发效率优化,与远期利润空间拓展提供结构性支撑。

小结

关税新政虽豁免绝大部分中国药品,但对医药行业仍有不可小觑的冲击,国内创新分子展现出显著的成本和技术优势,使其在国际市场中的竞争力奠定了基础。关税政策的博弈虽带来挑战,但也为中国医药产业链的重构和本土替代策略的推进创造了新的机遇。

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