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3月底,工信部“有条件批准L3级自动驾驶车型生产准入”重磅政策落地,L3级自动驾驶加速启动。

政策破冰,车企加速量产布局。4月16日,岚图L3级智能架构技术发布,L3级智能安全行驶平台——青云平台、L3级智能安全驾驶系统——鲲鹏系统,承接该技术的产品“泰山”年内发布;4月12日,广汽集团董事长、总经理冯兴亚在2025广汽科技日上表示,广汽是国家首批L3准入试点资格的乘用车企业之一,2025年4季度,广汽的L3自动驾驶车型将上市销售;小鹏汽车也宣布2025年底将实现L3在中国量产落地……

车企竞速L3,2025年年底成为关键时间节点,一方面政策破冰为智驾新技术、新阶段开路;但另一方面,随着市场乱象频发,官方也出台相关政策拧紧了智能辅助驾驶“安全阀”。4月中下旬,工信部进一步规范车企的营销宣传行为,车企不得就智能辅助驾驶夸大或虚假宣传,并严格履行告知义务,确保生产一致性和质量安全,提升智能网联汽车的安全水平;规范之下,4月21日中国汽车工业协会联合中国汽车工程学会发布《关于规范驾驶辅助宣传与应用的倡议书》,从切实履行产品质量安全主体责任、规范营销宣传行为、切实履行告知义务等三个方面入手,规范车企驾驶辅助宣传与应用,杜绝过度营销。

此时将L3作为下一个竞争焦点,车企此时打出这张牌,需要更加谨慎。

车企排兵布阵加速向L3上探

进入2025年,智驾已成为新车竞争的焦点,从无限逼近L3,到官宣L3的年内落地,车企开始密集排兵布阵。

数据显示,2025年,中国乘用车L2级辅助驾驶及以上新车渗透率将达到65%,国内乘用车智能座舱渗透率将达到76%。预计2030年L2以上智驾的市场渗透率有望达到90%。智能驾驶正在从L2智能辅助驾驶,向更高阶的L3甚至是L4级自动驾驶迈进。

“L2智能辅助驾驶到L3自动驾驶的分水岭,不是简单的技术升级,而是从人机共驾到系统主导的责任交接,这意味着用户对安全的底层需求发生了质变。”在智能辅助驾驶与自动驾驶之间,冯兴亚给出了如上定义,并将2025年定义为“L3级智驾元年”。

“我认为去年是智能辅助驾驶、高阶智驾的元年。从去年开始,智驾水平上升的比例越来越高,各汽车厂家都开始了智驾(车型)的上市。今年可能会成为L3级智驾元年,今年底之前一定会出现L3级的智驾车型。”冯兴亚说,“豪华产品如果不做L3,没有L3级功能,消费者没有什么购买欲望。”

当前,在加速提高自主品牌渗透率,并布局高端市场的过程中,广汽都将“智能驾驶”作为一张重点牌打出。广汽传祺中大型MPV传祺向往M8乾崑系列日前发布,作为广汽传祺与华为联合创“新”计划的首款落地车型,凭借华为乾崑智驾ADS3.0系统和鸿蒙智能座舱,在智能化领域实现了进一步突破;昊铂HL26.98万元起售,搭载广汽全新GSD高阶智驾,融合端到端大模型算法,代表广汽在高端市场占位。

“L3是有条件的自动驾驶,依然不是严格意义上的自动驾驶,所以大家要正确理解。L3是辅助自动驾驶,在启动L3功能时,主驾从驾驶员变成安全监督员,依然要对车进行监控,做好随时接管车的准备。从用户的使用角度来看,在人驾的时候人负责,车驾的时候就是厂商来负责。”岚图汽车CEO卢放在接受21世纪经济报道记者采访时同样对L2、L3之间进行了界定。

对于车企来说,L3的到来是责任主体的变化,主机厂应该把技术冗余做到极致。在卢放看来,L3相对于L2有了更高的要求,比如系统的可靠性、持续性等。

相较于广汽为L3上车定下量产时间,岚图汽车此次推出L3级智能架构——天元智架,整合青云L3级智能安全行驶平台与鲲鹏L3级智能安全驾驶系统。

卢放指出,借助“智能架构”+“智能辅助驾驶”,岚图方面认为真正的智能驾驶需要有整车能力的基础,再加上智能化的技术,融合后才能构成完整的智能化体验,由此迈入L3时代。

除了广汽和岚图外,众多头部玩家也在摩拳擦掌。

此前华为常务董事、终端BG董事长余承东就曾预测L3级自动驾驶技术预计将在明年实现商用化。华为ADS4.0计划于今年推出,届时将带来高速L3级自动驾驶的商用体验及城区L3级自动驾驶的试点项目;2025年小鹏图灵AI芯片将量产上车,计算能力三倍于现有芯片,在此支持下,小鹏汽车董事长何小鹏立下军令状:2025年底必让L3自动驾驶在中国落地;极氪9X光辉将搭载业界首创、专为L3智能驾驶设计的解决方案——千里浩瀚H9;比亚迪宣布,2025年第三季度在仰望U9上量产搭载L3级城市领航系统。

打破门槛,L3正在逐步从概念走向现实,车企备战L3、L4级智驾市场,相继宣布量产时间。在政策破冰托举,但宣传风口紧缩的情况下,车企迈向L3需要更加谨慎。

守住安全红线,稳妥迈入L3时代

接连打出“智驾牌”,“行业首家”“类人体验”“老司机”“解放双手”等成为车企在宣传时对自家智能驾驶能力的解读。但随着行业无限逼近L3,真正的责任归属重新划分,智能辅助驾驶功能“翻车”案例频发,技术迭代但用户操作不当、信任过载等,都对车企迈入L3时代提出更高的要求。

有业内人士指出,在智能辅助驾驶落地的过程中,存在混淆用户视听的传播,导致用户对L2、L3的认知不足,带来驾驶安全风险,会对行业带来较大风险。L3到来,主机厂应该把技术冗余做到极致。

换言之,迈向L3级自动驾驶时代,除了技术的迭代之外,更离不开法律法规的完善与消费者的清晰认知与操作。因此,在官宣搭载L3的车型量产落地在即的同时,安全也成为各家车企“掌门人”对外解读的重点。

“在智能辅助驾驶行业里有很多乱象,比如做不到动力分配控制、动力和制动协调,却说具备某种智能驾驶能力,这是属于虚假传播。”卢放告诉记者,宣传要有底线,在技术方面不断通过技术的提升拉高安全的底线。首先是以安全为基础,给予用户知情权,用户要清楚知道车到底具备什么样的能力,否则就容易出大问题。

“部分企业宣传最高的能力,但销售的是低能力的产品,用户以为买到了高的能力,就容易出事故。”卢放认为,首先还是要保障用户的知情权、让大家清楚地知道车到底是什么样的能力。对于整车厂来讲,过去一系列事件的发生也给大家提了醒,在宣传的时候要有底线,要正确传播,不要混淆概念,也不要以偏概全,要给用户讲清楚产品的能力。

目前,我国智能网联汽车均搭载L2级辅助驾驶,L3级、L4级自动驾驶技术尚处于试点阶段。但此前在车企的宣传中,对当前智能辅助驾驶技术给出“超能力”的定义,忽视了风险,模糊了安全边界,过度言论一定程度上造成了消费者的认知偏差,自行迈入“解放双手”的时代,出于对智能辅助驾驶技术的盲目信任,导致因开启智能辅助驾驶功能而造成的事故频发。

“高速开车躺平睡觉”、“驾驶位上双手玩手机”等短视频充斥社交平台,3月底小米SU7事故后,智驾安全话题再次引起讨论。

4月21日,中国汽车工业协会联合中国汽车工程学会发布《关于规范驾驶辅助宣传与应用的倡议书》,从切实履行产品质量安全主体责任、规范营销宣传行为、切实履行告知义务等三个方面入手,引导企业强化自律意识,践行质量承诺与安全责任,构建良性发展生态,推动组合驾驶辅助功能产品安全推广应用。在规范营销宣传行为方面,上述两个协会倡议,企业应严格依据《汽车驾驶自动化分级》,杜绝虚假宣传与过度营销,避免使用模糊或误导性表述,确保功能命名科学严谨,防止驾驶员误用、滥用风险。对已发布的失实信息应及时澄清并整改,主动承担企业主体责任和社会责任。

4月16日,工信部也曾发声,强调汽车生产企业要深刻理解通知要求,充分开展组合驾驶辅助测试验证,明确系统功能边界和安全响应措施,不得夸大或虚假宣传,并严格履行告知义务,确保生产一致性和质量安全,提升智能网联汽车的安全水平。

官方部门拧紧智能辅助驾驶“安全阀”,车企L3量产的关键一年,智驾的相关测试、宣传、功能安全等方面也需要更加谨慎,避免测试风险、宣传误导、功能滥用等问题。

公布L3进度的同时,广汽集团也首次公开了“广汽星灵安全守护体系”,广汽强调在L3上的目标只有一个——比民航客机还安全。

“技术可以迭代,生命无法重来。”在冯兴亚看来,跨过“L2智能辅助驾驶”到“L3自动驾驶”,不仅对智能驾驶技术提出了更高的要求,更对车企能不能搭建可靠的安全架构,处理各种突发风险带来了更高的考验。

中国科学院院士、中国电动汽车百人会副理事长欧阳明高在中国电动汽车百人会论坛(2025)上表示,目前,我国仍处于全民智驾而非全民自动驾驶时代。当前首要任务是尽快解决L2、L3级自动驾驶的相关法律法规问题,这给相关部门提出了紧迫要求。而L4级自动驾驶需要积累经验、稳步推进,现阶段不宜提全民自动驾驶。

责任归属、算法迭代、用户教育等多项难题待解,在激进与保守之间摇摆迈向L3时代,车企还需迎接几项大考。

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