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  本报记者 吴晓璐

  近日,全市场ETF(交易型开放式指数基金)规模突破4万亿元大关。据Wind资讯数据统计,截至4月21日,全市场ETF规模4.04万亿元,较去年年底增加3159.66亿元,增长8.48%。

  今年1月份,证监会印发的《促进资本市场指数化投资高质量发展行动方案》(以下简称《行动方案》)提出,推动资本市场指数化投资规模和比例明显提升。随着政策支持力度加大,产品体系不断完善,以及投资者配置需求增加等,ETF规模快速增长,从3万亿元到4万亿元,仅用时半年多。

  创金合信基金首席经济学家魏凤春在接受《证券日报》记者采访时表示,从短期来看,大力发展ETF,为中长期资金入市提供更加便利的渠道,有助于稳定资本市场,搭建“长钱长投”的市场生态。

  年内黄金ETF规模大增

  数据显示,截至4月21日,全市场ETF共1141只,份额达到28029.11亿份,总规模为40419.41亿元。其中,股票型ETF规模为29716.47亿元,占比73.52%,占比最高。其次是跨境ETF,规模为4976.12亿元,占比12.31%。

  从基金类型来看,今年以来,ETF规模快速增长,是不同类型基金共同发展的结果,股票型ETF、商品型ETF、跨境ETF、债券型ETF规模增长较高,分别较去年年底增加839.66亿元、812.00亿元、735.96亿元和652.96亿元,增幅分别为2.91%、107.30%、17.36%、37.53%。

  其中,商品型ETF规模翻倍增长,主要在于黄金ETF规模大增。数据显示,截至4月21日,全市场14只黄金ETF合计规模达1527.71亿元,较去年年底增加823.29亿元,增幅达116.88%。

  从挂钩ETF的指数来看,沪深300指数挂钩ETF规模最高,年内增加规模亦最多。截至4月21日,沪深300指数挂钩ETF规模10469.55亿元,年内增加616.8亿元,其中,申赎净流入带来951.55亿元。另外,中证1000指数、港股通互联网指数、沪做市公司债指数挂钩ETF规模年内增加超过200亿元,分别增加243.67亿元、229.14亿元、214.16亿元。

  魏凤春表示,今年以来,ETF市场有两个明显变化,一是发行规模显著增加,这既是基金公司主动适应政策导向,体现资本市场人民性的要求,也是行业本身降低成本、适应数字化时代发展的要求。二是从结构上来看,过去的赛道投资逐渐被ETF投资取代,金融、科技等ETF产品更受投资者欢迎,这也是战术性布局。

  三因素促ETF规模快速扩大

  谈及今年ETF规模增加,市场人士认为,主要在于政策支持、产品体系不断完善以及市场配置需求增加三大因素。

  其一,在政策支持下,ETF注册效率提升,发行规模增加。

  去年4月份印发的《国务院关于加强监管防范风险推动资本市场高质量发展的若干意见》(即新“国九条”)提出,“建立交易型开放式指数基金(ETF)快速审批通道,推动指数化投资发展”,从顶层设计层面明确了ETF的发展方向。《行动方案》优化了ETF注册发行安排,建立股票ETF快速注册机制等。

  据Wind资讯数据统计,今年以来,截至4月22日,证监会注册批复92只ETF,同比增长253.85%,注册效率大幅提升。从基金发行角度来看,今年以来,99只ETF成立,同比增长102.04%,合计发行规模达848.03亿元,同比增长160.36%。

  其二,ETF产品体系不断丰富,如中证A50ETF、中证A500ETF、科创综指ETF等产品推出,进一步丰富了投资者选择。

  东吴证券首席策略分析师陈刚在接受《证券日报》记者采访时表示,近年来,A股ETF爆发式增长,产品体系不断丰富。一方面,随着赛道投资风潮的到来,被动管理赛道型ETF崛起,主题ETF产品加速上市;另一方面,宽基ETF发展“与时俱进”,顺应我国经济结构转型和新质生产力发展。以中证A500为代表的新一代旗舰指数发布上市,“吸金无数”。

  魏凤春表示,过去几年,一批行业、风格等主题赛道基金成立,这类基金主要是获取贝塔收益(一种相对被动的投资收益),随着指数体系的丰富,投资者通过ETF来投资这些赛道,管理费用低,且交易成本较低,策略清晰,与此前的主题赛道基金互为补充。

  其三,ETF配置需求明显提升,养老金、保险资金等中长期资金以及个人投资者通过ETF配置A股。

  比如,4月份以来,在市场波动加大的时候,中央汇金投资有限责任公司(以下简称“中央汇金”)等“国家队”增持ETF,助力稳定资本市场。据Wind资讯数据统计,4月7日至4月21日,全市场ETF资金净流入3083.79亿元,股票ETF资金净流入合计约2113亿元。

  改革提升指数化投资吸引力

  作为《关于推动中长期资金入市工作的实施方案》(以下简称《实施方案》)的配套方案,《行动方案》明确了指数化投资的具体支持措施,并强化指数基金资产配置功能,稳步提升投资者长期回报,为中长期资金入市提供更加便利的渠道,助力构建资本市场“长钱长投”生态。

  目前,监管部门正在推动《行动方案》落地见效。近日,上交所相关负责人表示,上交所正围绕“指数化投资高质量发展,推动中长期资金入市”这一主线,聚焦近期出台的《实施方案》《行动方案》相关政策部署加快行动,努力携手各方构建“长钱长投”的生态环境,培育壮大耐心资本。包括持续健全ETF产品谱系,不断优化ETF配套机制,构建ETF市场良好生态,聚焦对接中长期资金等。

  博时基金指数与量化投资部总经理兼投资总监赵云阳表示,要构建“长钱长投”生态,建议推进指数产品创新,研究推出多资产ETF,涵盖股票、债券、商品等多种资产类别,为中长期资金提供更丰富的投资选择。同时,开发“生命周期智能ETF组合”,根据年龄、风险自动调整股债比例,对接年金基金、险资等机构需求。

  随着ETF产品体系逐渐完善,ETF投资理念深入人心,ETF将迎来高质量扩容。陈刚认为,随着《行动方案》相关政策的落地实施,指数化投资吸引力将进一步提高,A股指数化投资规模与比例有望迎来提升,指数基金资产配置功能得以强化。未来,得益于政策支持,社保、保险资金等中长期资金以被动指数形式入市,叠加居民存款搬家、个人养老金加配等因素共振,被动投资时代有望开启。

  从资本市场长远发展来看,魏凤春认为,未来,资本市场的发展需要与我国宏观经济环境相适应,一方面要适应产业技术进步,另一方面也要适应低风险、低收益、低增长的宏观背景对资本市场的要求,也就意味着以ETF为代表的工具型产品,成为特别重要的配置工具。

MACD金叉信号形成,这些股涨势不错!热点栏目自选股数据中心行情中心资金流向模拟交易客户端

  中远海发(02866)公布,近日,公司取得中国银行股份有限公司上海市分行向公司出具的《贷款承诺函》,同意为公司回购A股股份提供专项贷款支持,贷款金额最高不超过人民币2.5416亿元,贷款期限不超过三年,承诺函有效期自签发之日起一年。

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