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每经编辑叶峰    

随着金价不断走高,黄金股ETF今日上午也再度迎来大涨,黄金股ETF(159562)半日涨幅达到6.49%,而黄金股ETF(517520)半日成交金额也达1.89亿元,交投活跃。

ETF份额变化方面,今年以来,黄金股ETF规模整体出现增长,其中,黄金股ETF(517520)年内份额增加了12.23亿份,份额增加幅度达到78.91%,而黄金股ETF(159562)、黄金股票ETF(517400)年内份额增加则少于1亿份。

投资逻辑来看,央行购金和ETF资金流入或将持续推升黄金价格。在美元信用重构阶段,美债本身作为美元资产反而可能会成为美元信用体系重构的“牺牲品”。出于通胀和风险对冲原因,黄金对各国央行作为储备资产的吸引力持续增强,全球央行连续三年购金超过1000吨,成为2022年以来实物金的主要增量需求。同时ETF购金也逐渐“发力”。

点评:黄金股ETF(159562)今日上午涨幅为6.49%,其规模为3.76亿份,半日成交金额为7170万元,该ETF追踪的是中证沪深港黄金产业股票指数,追踪该指数的ETF还包括黄金股票ETF基金(159322)、黄金股ETF基金(159315)、黄金股ETF(517520)等。其中,黄金股ETF(517520)规模较大,达到27.73亿份,该ETF半日涨幅为4.12%,成交金额为1.89亿元。

中证沪深港黄金产业股票指数发布于2017年10月17日,指数以2014年12月31日为基日,指数从A股和港股市场中,选取50只市值较大且业务涉及黄金采掘、冶炼、销售的上市公司证券作为指数样本,以反映A股和港股市场中黄金产业上市公司证券的整体表现。

该指数的权重集中于前十大成分股,占比合计超60%;指数主要投资于黄金产业下的龙头个股,成分股票代表性较强;从行业分布上来看,中证沪深港黄金产业股票指数以有色金属为主,覆盖了黄金的生产、制作、销售等全流程,在行业集中的同时,不失产业链上中下游的完整性;中证沪深港黄金产业股票指数的净利润增速更为稳健。

中证沪深港黄金产业股票指数主要权重股

封面图片来源:每日经济新闻刘国梅摄

MACD金叉信号形成,这些股涨势不错!

  4月21日,新一期贷款市场报价利率(LPR)公布,1年期和5年期以上LPR分别维持3.1%、3.6%,连续6个月“按兵不动”。

  综合市场分析来看,4月政策利率保持不变、银行净息差处于历史低位等原因导致报价行主动下调LPR报价加点的动力不足。一季度经济走势偏强,在当前复杂的经济形势下,总量降息仍未落地,市场进入政策博弈期,各方对后续货币政策走向高度关注。

  LPR持续不变

  政策利率不变,是4月LPR报价保持不动的主要原因。

  4月17日,央行开展2455亿元7天期逆回购操作,操作利率为1.5%,与此前持平。作为主要政策利率,7天期逆回购操作利率未变,意味着本月LPR大概率不变。

  “尽管月初关税冲击落地,但总量降息工具仍未发力。”中信证券首席经济学家明明分析,在去年10月1年期、5年期LPR分别下调25bps后,报价利率连续6个月持平,逆回购利率也并未降息。

  此外,在市场分析看来,一季度经济数据超预期,总量宽货币工具快速落地稳定市场预期的必要性并不高。

  近期公布的一季度经济以及金融数据显示,一季度国内生产总值(GDP)同比增长5.4%,环比增长1.2%,经济加快恢复回升;金融数据方面,无论是社会融资规模还是人民币贷款新增,都超预期,金融对实体经济的支持力度稳固。

  招联首席研究员董希淼认为,目前无论是新发放的企业贷款还是住房贷款,利率均较上年明显下降,处于历史低位。因此,短期内LPR下行的可能性降低,而降准的必要性更大。明明也指出,4月流动性缺口较小,资金面相较于3月更为宽松,商业银行负债端压力相对可控,逆回购降息的紧迫性不大。此外,一季度经济数据超预期,总量宽货币工具快速落地稳定市场预期的必要性并不高。

  降准降息仍可期

  尽管短期内LPR下行可能性降低,但从长期来看,降准降息仍在市场预期之中。

  从金融数据看,一季度住户贷款增加1.04万亿元,仅占人民币贷款增量的10.6%,居民部门有效融资需求虽然有所恢复但仍然偏弱。

  董希淼建议,下一阶段,应加大力度稳定居民就业,提高居民收入,完善收入分配制度和社会保障体系,从根本上提振消费、扩大内需。当下重中之重是继续采取措施,巩固并提振房地产市场企稳回升态势。

  东方金诚首席宏观分析师王青预计,二季度政策降息将带动LPR报价下调。综合当前外部经贸环境变化,国内房地产市场和物价走势,二季度“择机降准降息”时机已经成熟,不排除提前到4月的可能,降幅与去年全年相当,进而引导企业和居民贷款利率下调,较大幅度降低实体经济融资成本。

  董希淼建议,二季度可实施全面降准,进一步传递出提振投资者信心、维护资本市场稳定的明确信号。降准可释放长期稳定的低成本资金,有助于进一步降低银行资金成本,推动银行更好地服务实体经济,促进经济高质量发展,为应对外部冲击、稳定资产价格等奠定更加坚实的基础。此外,在前期消费贷款提高额度、延长期限等措施基础上,金融管理部门可创设支持消费信贷的结构性货币政策工具,为金融机构加大消费信贷投放提供有力支持;财政部门可继续加大对“以旧换新”等活动的补贴范围和补贴力度。

  从外部条件来看,关税冲击的长期影响下,汇率压力或进一步加大,4月初离岸人民币汇率一度抬升至7.4以上,虽然目前回归7.3附近,但未来不确定性仍高,总量降息操作或等待更好的时机。

  明明认为,预计短期货币端或以预期管理为主,保留政策余量应对关税等未来潜在的冲击;预计政策优先级上,降准或高于降息,而操作时点上或需观察美联储后续FOMC会议的议息决议,若美联储恢复降息操作,不排除我国央行跟进动用宽货币工具的可能性。

  来源:国际金融报

  在经济环境复杂多变、资本市场波动加剧的背景下,居民金融素养的重要性更加凸显。这既关系到个人家庭的财富安全和生活质量,也关系到国家金融体系的稳健运行与高质量发展目标的实现。

  近期,上海交通大学上海高级金融学院与金融服务机构嘉信理财(CharlesSchwab)联合发布的《中国居民金融素养报告》(下称《报告》)显示,中国居民金融素养整体继续提升,居民金融素养的地区差异逐渐缩小,上海连续三年蝉联第一。

  中国居民金融素养水平持续提升

  此项研究已进行三年,持续研究发现中国居民整体的金融素养水平持续提升,金融素养平均得分从2022年的64.4分上升至今年的71.8分。

  报告主要发现显示,中国居民金融素养的地区差异逐渐缩小。各省级行政区平均得分的差异持续减小,连续三年排名第一的上海与全国平均分之间的差距也逐年降低。究其原因,数字化水平的提升和金融服务的普及可能是弥合由城市经济发展水平不同所带来的地区间居民金融素养差异的重要因素。

  投资类行为对金融素养的推动作用尤为突出,具有金融投资经验的居民在各维度的金融素养指标均高于全国平均水平。今年的研究还新增对证券投资者的金融素养研究。研究发现证券投资者的金融素养全面领先全国居民平均水平,金融实践能力尤其突出。

  总体性别研究来看,男性和女性在金融素养上各有擅长。虽然男性的金融素养得分总体高于女性,但女性在安全与保障维度连续三年领跑,且今年在财务规划维度的得分首次超过男性。

  各年龄段居民的金融素养整体呈“倒U型”分布,18岁以下和65岁以上群体的差距尤其明显。

  嘉信理财(上海)总经理托马斯·皮克斯利(ThomasPixley)认为,26—45岁群体在特定领域的金融素养提升不容忽视。这一群体通常面临更多元和复杂的财务需求、处在养老准备黄金期,但他们拥有长期财务规划的比例也仅为55%。“夯实重点群体在财务规划方面的金融素养对于面临老龄化挑战的中国社会具有重要的现实意义,在推广财务规划理念和知识时,可以从80后、90后这两个核心群体出发,然后慢慢扩展到一老一少这两个短板群体”。

  AI辅助决策尚不成熟

  人工智能(AI)技术的迅猛发展,正在深刻改变金融服务的提供方式,也对居民的金融素养提出了新的挑战与更高的要求。

  对此,托马斯·皮克斯利认为,总体而言,包括AI在内的数字科技的发展让更多人都能以更便捷的方式获取到优质的财富管理服务,同时提高金融服务机构的生产效率,对投资者教育和投顾服务都有深远意义。从投资者的角度来说,他们获取金融信息的渠道也更加多元、快捷,这对于鼓励普通居民参与金融投资具有积极作用。“但同时,人工智能并不能完全取代投资顾问,人工顾问在建立和引导客户关系方面所能发挥的作用仍然不可取代。投资顾问是一项专业服务,要为客户提供可能产生重大后果的建议,需要一定的专业资质和背书”。

  上海高级金融学院教授吴飞则认为,AI目前很多只是信息的聚合,未经验证,且它的提炼过程是个黑盒,从合规角度也可能存在风险。由此引发的虚假信息、非理性决策和潜在的消费者权益保护风险也需要引起高度重视。

  吴飞表示,AI辅助决策还不成熟,如果作为信息参考目前可以,不过作为决策依据存在比较大的风险。目前,金融机构接入像DeepSeek这样的大模型,大多会根据自己的业务特点、合规要求来搭建自己的agent(智能体),投资方面直接对客应用还有待探讨和验证。学术研究也开始关注,由不同大模型AI基于同样信息流形成的信息是否会具有同质化特点,会否引发风险,如果基础信息被污染,是否会导致操纵信息的风险等问题。

  中国投资者风险认知改变

  在地缘政治紧张和外部不确定性加剧的背景下,资本市场的波动性明显上升,这对中国投资者的行为模式带来了新的影响和挑战。中国投资者的风险认知和应对策略正在发生变化。

  托马斯·皮克斯利表示,近几年,总体观察到中国投资者总体趋于保守。去年发布的《中国新富人群财富健康指数报告》也发现,现金和定存在受访者投资组合中的平均占比超过一半(57.3%),且有66.8%的受访者表示这是他们最青睐的资产类别,创2017年调研开始以来的新高。这个行为背后的原因可能主要是在不确定性面前,无论是个人和组织都会降低风险偏好,采取更为保守的决策态势。

  托马斯·皮克斯利称,市场波动是投资过程中难以完全规避的局面,而投资者在这样的情境下如何作出回应将很大程度上决定他们的长期投资表现。一般来说,建议采取确保投资组合多元化、制定长期财务规划并坚持执行这两个必要的举措。

  吴飞认为,中国投资者对风险的认知处在进步的过程中。数据显示,居民对于不同投资产品的风险水平的认知有所提升。随着认知提升、金融素养改善,行为也会有些变化。虽然金融素养的教育可以改善行为,但周期比较长,过程比较缓慢;而市场的教育可能更深刻一些,效果也明显一些。金融机构也可以提供更加有效合理的服务来帮助投资者获得更好的投资体验,例如买方投顾服务。但首先还是认知的问题,需要投资者认识到这些服务的重要性。

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