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转自:新华网

  新华社北京4月20日电综述|美国近期政策对科研人才造成冲击

  新华社记者

  美国政府近期因哈佛大学拒绝其提出的对学校管理结构等大幅改革的要求,宣布冻结对该校总额为22亿美元的多年期拨款。今年以来,美国政府已因类似原因威胁削减多所高校的资金,此举对在美国的科研人才造成冲击。

新政威胁美国多所高校

  哈佛大学14日拒绝了特朗普政府提出的改革其管理结构、招聘及招生政策的要求。特朗普政府当天晚些时候宣布,将冻结对该校总额为22亿美元的多年期拨款,以及6000万美元的多年期合同款项。美国国土安全部16日还要求哈佛大学分享该校外国学生签证持有者信息,否则将失去招收国际生的资质。

  今年1月以来,特朗普政府对多所美国高校发出威胁,称如果校方不调整政策,将面临削减资金的后果。3月,哥伦比亚大学4亿美元联邦拨款被撤销。康奈尔大学和西北大学等高校的联邦拨款也被冻结,并面临调查。

  3月底,约1900名美国国家科学、工程和医学学院成员发布公开信,呼吁特朗普政府“停止对美国科学事业的全面攻击”。公开信说,“特朗普政府正通过削减研究资金、解雇数千名科学家、取消公众获取科学数据的权限以及迫使科研人员出于意识形态原因改变或放弃工作”,“重创美国的科学事业”,为此,美国国家科学、工程和医学学院的成员们不得不联合起来,向公众发出“求救信号”。

  这封公开信由13名来自多个领域的科学家撰写,并得到了覆盖38个州、400多所大学和研究机构的约1900名科学家的支持。

关税政策损害美国科研

  英国《自然》杂志近期刊发多篇文章指出,特朗普开启第二个总统任期以来,美国政府已采取多项措施,“深刻改变了美国科学”,如关闭多个研究项目,解雇大量联邦机构的科研人员等。新一轮关税政策更将导致美国科研设备和用品价格大幅上涨,对美国科研再次造成严重冲击。

  数据显示,美国在全球实验室设备和试剂进出口方面占重要地位,每年进口的实验室设备和试剂价值巨大,其中许多产品来自受关税上调影响的国家和地区。

  美国约翰斯·霍普金斯大学研究全球供应链和医疗保健的戴廷龙指出,特朗普的新关税政策意味着“科研成本结构的系统性变化”,而且是在科研机构已经面临巨大财务压力时实施的,“这不仅是勒紧裤腰带的问题,这可能是压倒骆驼的最后一根稻草,并有可能造成持久损害”。

  特朗普政府还针对美国卫生与公共服务部开启大规模裁员计划,预计裁员总数将达1万人,涵盖公共卫生、药品审批、疫苗管理等诸多关键领域。此举引发员工“抗议潮”及公众质疑。美国舆论认为,这将对美国公共卫生体系的稳定性和权威性、药品审批机制等造成深远影响,使民众健康安全以及美国在全球公共卫生领域的地位面临极大威胁。

科研人员考虑“出走”

  据西方媒体报道,面对特朗普政府不确定的政策环境,越来越多的科研人员考虑离开美国。与此同时,一些国家正利用这一机会从美国吸引新的人才。

  《自然》杂志3月底发布的一项调查显示,在1600多名参与调查的美国科研人员中,超过四分之三的人表示正考虑离开美国,欧洲和加拿大是他们的首选目的地。

  欧洲多地高校表示,近期收到越来越多来自美国的科研人员求职申请。其中,法国是“抢人”动作最快的国家之一。据法国《解放报》报道,法国负责高等教育和科研的部长级代表菲利普·巴蒂斯特致信该国研究机构及大学,希望为考虑离开美国的科研人员提供接纳方案,并要求相关机构就优先引进的技术和研究领域提出建议。

  其他欧洲国家的科研机构也感受到美国“人才流失潮”。西班牙巴塞罗那大学发言人向美国《科学》杂志透露,他们今年收到大量来自美国的申请,主要来自希望返回欧洲的科研人员。英国《金融时报》报道,剑桥大学也试图吸引来自美国的科研人员,研究领域包括生物制药、人工智能等。

  澳大利亚科学院院长切纳帕蒂·贾格迪什4月17日发表声明说,正式启动一个全新的人才引进项目,吸引欲离开美国的顶尖人才来澳大利亚。声明说,这对澳大利亚来说是“前所未有的机遇”,有望吸引欲离开美国的顶尖人才到这里扎根,培育下一代本土科学家和创新者。

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