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腿抬起来靠墙上就不疼了视频:让每个女孩都能找到属于自己的声音与梦想!
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腿抬起来靠墙上就不疼了视频:让每个女孩都能找到属于自己的声音与梦想!

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在电子、AI消费快速发展、风电光伏新能源景气度提升以及行业供需关系平衡的共同作用下,玻纤行业开始底部回升,提价从2025年年初再次启动,玻纤上市公司有望迎来经营业绩的底部回升。

王东岳/文

2025年初以来,玻纤行业淡季不淡,出现结构性紧张。近期,中国巨石(600176.SH)、泰山玻纤等多家玻纤企业发布调价通知,对电子纱、电子布产品价格进行恢复性提价,开启2025年首轮提价行情。

这是2024年3月底以来的延续。自那时起,玻纤行业在2024年经历了三轮提价,行业逐步走出低谷。多家券商分析指出,2025年,消费电子国补政策叠加AI端侧发力,预计将带动电子级玻纤需求的持续向好。同时,考虑到2025年下游风电景气度提升、汽车轻量化需求向好、化债推进建筑行业需求改善,预计2025年玻纤下游需求有望回暖,对全年行业价格和盈利改善形成支撑。

需求回升电子玻纤开启新一轮涨价

时隔4个月,玻纤行业再度开启新一轮提价行情,电子级玻纤延续2024年趋势,继续提价。

3月1日,包括中国巨石、泰山玻纤、建滔集团(0148.HK)等在内的多家玻纤企业宣布,对各类玻纤电子纱(G系列)提价800元/吨,对各类电子布提价0.3元/米。截至3月27日,电子纱G75主流报价在8800元至9200元/吨不等,同比增长约19.8%至22.22%;7628电子布报价在3.8元/米至4.4元/米不等,同比增长15.15%-22.8%。

电子玻纤主要用于电子制造业,和铜箔、合成树脂共同构成覆铜板(CCL),是印制电路板(PCB)的重要组成部分。作为电子信息技术产业的核心基础组件,PCB在全球电子元件细分产业中产值占比最大,下游覆盖消费电子、汽车电子、通信、计算机等高端领域。

2021-2023年,受全球消费电子需求疲软拖累,智能终端产品出货量持续下行,PCB产出面积、产出值双双出现下滑。

统计数据显示,全球智能手机出货量由2021年的13.55亿部降至2023年的11.7亿部,降幅达13.65%。其中,中国智能手机出货量由3.33亿部降至2.71亿部,降幅达18.62%;2023年,全球台式机和笔记本电脑的出货量总计由2021年的3.41亿台降至2.47亿台,降幅27.57%;平板电脑出货量由1.69亿台降至1.29亿台,降幅23.67%。

在此背景下,2023年,全球PCB产出面积同比下降4.7%,产值同比下滑近15%,降至695.17亿美元,创近十年来最大降幅。其中,中国PCB产值降至337.94亿美元,同比下降22.41%。电子级玻纤需求随之缩减,电子布价格连续三年处于底部区间。

根据卓创资讯数据,2023年,中国玻纤电子纱总产量约为78.8万吨,同比下降约2.2%。2021-2023年,电子纱价格由1.7万元/吨高点降至7200元/吨,电子布价格由8.4元/米降至3.2元/米。

2024年7月以来,伴随一系列消费品以旧换新政策的出台,电脑、手机、家电等电子消费市场逐步回暖,带动市场需求稳步增长。

根据国家统计局数据,2024年,国内手机出货量达到2.87亿部,同比增长3.60%。同期,中国微型计算机设备产量同比增长2.7%,移动通信手持机产量同比增长7.8%,家用电器和音像器材同比增长12.3%,PCB需求也开始稳步回升。

2025年1月5日,国家发展改革委、财政部印发相关通知,提出对个人消费者购买手机、平板、智能手表手环等3类数码产品,单件销售价格不超过6000元的,按产品销售价格的15%给予补贴,以旧换新政策“加码”延续。

根据IDC预测,2025年,预计全球智能手机出货量将保持温和增长,同比增长2%至12.6亿部;全球PC出货量同比增长4%至2.74亿台。Prismark预计,未来全球和中国大陆的PCB产值将以5.4%和4.1%的复合增速增长,预计至年将分别达到904.13亿美元和461.8亿美元。

国投证券分析指出,2025年,AI领域发展迅速,电子行业景气度持续向好,或带动电子布需求放量,同时以旧换新政策实施有望带动消费电子需求增长,推动高端电子纱/电子布需求提升。

开源证券认为,考虑到近期的消费电子国补和AI端侧放量的产业趋势,消费电子行业有望迎来一轮新的复苏,进而带动电子级玻纤的需求上行。

产能投放进入阶段性尾声

除电子玻纤外,玻纤的主要应用领域还包括基建和建筑材料、交通运输、能源环保等产业。2022年下半年起,受行业新增产能供给持续投放和下游需求疲软影响,玻纤粗纱产品价格也出现了持续下行。

根据开源证券统计,2020-2022年,国内玻纤产能进入集中投放期,行业整体产能由441万吨提升至736万吨;其中,2021年,国内新增玻纤产能82万吨,较2020年总产量提升16.08%;2022年,国内继续新增玻纤产能119万吨,较2021年再度提升45.12%。2024年,国内玻纤产能进一步升至854万吨。

产能的集中投放加剧了产品价格下跌。卓创资讯数据显示,2022年6月起,全国2400tex无碱缠绕直接纱报价由6450元/吨高位降至最低的3760元/吨,并持续在低位运行。

受产品价格下滑影响,2023年,玻纤行业主要上市公司业绩开始出现不同程度下滑。根据数据统计,2023年,玻纤行业实现营业总收入496.1亿元,同比下滑,归母净利润合计56.8亿元,同比下滑51.5%。其中,中国巨石全年实现营业收入148.76亿元,同比下滑26.33%,实现归母净利润30.44亿元,同比下滑53.94%;长海股份和山东玻纤归母净利润分别同比下滑63.77%和80.34%。

2024年3月,玻纤行业达成涨价共识,先后在3月、6月、11月进行了三轮提价。其中,2024年3月,多家头部玻纤企业对公司直接纱涨价200-400元/吨,丝饼纱涨价300-600元/吨。2024年6月,中国巨石、泰山玻纤和重庆国际复材对风电纱类和短切纱类产品进行涨价,三家企业涨幅均为10%。2024年11月,玻纤行业开启对风电纱、热塑、热固等多类产品价格的第三轮提价。根据中国巨石披露,公司对风电纱产品涨价15%-20%,对热塑短切产品涨价10%-15%,短切毡涨价300元/吨;此后,泰山玻纤、国际复材、山东玻纤、四川威玻、长海股份等玻纤厂家陆续发布调价函,调价幅度为10%-20%。

在经历了三轮调价后,上市玻纤公司业绩降幅逐渐收窄。根据中国巨石披露,2024年,公司实现营业收入158.56亿元,同比增长6.59%,实现归母净利润22.45亿元,同比下滑19.7%。分季度看,第一至第三季度,公司归母净利润增速分别为-61.97%、-46.5%和-6.38%,下滑幅度逐步收窄。第四季度,公司实现归母净利润9.12亿元,同比大幅增长146.04%,业绩增速大幅转正;同时,公司过去四个季度毛利率分别为20.13%、22.57%、28.18%和28.58%,逐季提升。此外,根据长海股份披露,2024年前三季度,公司单季归母净利润增速分别为-37.56%、-44.82%和3.83%,单季度毛利率分别为21.55%、23.93%和24.45%,同样呈现出逐步回升趋势。

中国巨石表示,2024年,全行业已经对部分玻璃纤维纱产品实施多轮小幅度恢复性提价,行业整体回暖迹象明显,2024年行业实际主营业务利润已经基本实现阶段性筑底。在历经过去两年多的市场低谷之后,对于当前玻璃纤维及制品整体产品价格的触底回弹,需要更强的心理预期支撑。

据卓创资讯,截至3月27日,国内2400tex缠绕直接纱均价约为3600元至3800元/吨,环比增长0.24%,同比增长24.67%。

国投证券分析指出,2025年,玻纤下游各细分领域需求边际改善,2024年末提价落地更多在2025年体现,对全年行业价格和盈利改善形成支撑,玻纤龙头企业业绩修复值得期待,2025年有望迎来底部向上行情。

申万宏源证券认为,伴随行业产能投放进入尾声,粗纱供给增速将逐步回落。根据申万宏源测算,2025-2026年,国内预计新增点火产能78万吨,实际的产能冲击或将温和有限。同时,考虑到近两年由于行业盈利水平下滑,企业冷修意愿明显加强。

卓创资讯统计数据显示,截至2025年2月末,国内约有16条产线处于停工状态,合计产能75.8万吨,占行业总产能的,其中有8条合计29.5万吨产能为基本永久停产。

申万宏源证券表示,伴随部分窑炉陆续进入冷修周期,尤其是规模较小的窑炉生产成本压力加大,未来或有更多产线逐步进入冷修,一方面有助于缓解供给端的压力,另一方面有助于行业成本的进一步下降。根据申万宏源测算,截至2025年2月末,在产的玻纤产线中约有36条于2018年之前投产(窑炉产龄大于7年),合计产能约184万吨,占在产产能的22.9%。

新产业培育新动能

根据中国巨石披露,近年来随着无机连续纤维行业新动能新优势塑造和新应用新赛道培育,光伏、储能、低空经济、智慧物流、海洋开发、绿色建材等新市场不断成长,为行业后续发展提供了新的成长空间。

在需求端上,家电、风电、汽车等玻璃纤维传统大宗消费市场均保持稳中有增的态势,尤其是风电和新能源汽车的快速发展为玻纤在能源环保领域的应用提供了广阔空间。在风电、汽车、家电等主要市场需求稳步增长的带动下,预计各类玻纤增强塑料制品产量仍保持较快增速。

风电叶片是风力发电机中最基础和关键部件,对风力机组的发电效率、运行安全起着至关重要的作用。玻纤由于具有良好的强度和抗疲劳性能,可以提高叶片的抗风能力,增加叶片寿命,减轻叶片重量,成为风电叶片中的主要增强材料之一。

根据开源证券统计,在风电机组成本构成中,叶片成本约占风电机组成本的22%。而在风电叶片成本构成中,其原材料的占比接近80%,且近六成以上为纤维材料,包括增强玻璃纤维(约占28%)和基体树脂(约占36%)。

申万宏源证券表示,2022年以来,海风项目受制于多种因素装机较弱,2024年下半年风电项目核准、招标节奏有所改善,按照通常招标领先装机4-6个季度测算,2025年风电装机有望表现强势。

数据显示,2024年,中国风电新增装机为79.82GW(吉瓦),同比增长约5.16%。根据金风科技披露,2024年前三季度风电新增119GW招标量,同比增长93%。

国投证券认为,目前,风电行业逐步进入大型化趋势,风电叶片长度将持续加长,对风电叶片的刚度和重量提出了更高要求,有望带动中高端高模量玻纤的需求释放。2024年,中国风电招标量近翻倍增长,2025年为“十四五”最后一年,预计2025年新增风电装机将维持快速增长态势。同时,根据国家“3060碳达峰碳中和”目标,预计“十五五”期间风电并网装机容量仍将维持增长态势,风电纱长期需求空间广阔。

根据国投证券测算,2025-2026年,中国风电新增装机规模约111.75gW、120.69GW。按照1GW风电叶片约需1万吨玻纤预计,2025-2026年年中国风电纱需求分别为111.75万吨和120.69万吨。2024年风电新增招标规模高增将为2025年风电纱需求创造增量。

同时,由于玻璃纤维增强聚氨酯复合材料边框,拥有轻质高强、抗PID(潜在电势诱导衰减)、耐老化、腐蚀和盐雾、耐高低温、高背压承载能力等性能,不仅可以延长光伏组件的使用寿命,也可为光伏组件制造商降本增效,正在逐步替代传统的金属边框材料。

数据显示,2024年上半年,中国约有10GW光伏装机量应用玻纤增强辅材,按照1GW装机对应玻纤用量约4000吨,新增近4万吨玻纤增强辅材需求。国投证券表示,目前,玻纤应用光伏支架的渗透率仍较低,随着下游复合材料厂商效率提升、行业推广力度加大及组件厂商对光伏边框复合材料接受程度提升,玻纤在光伏行业需求或将在小基数基础上维持较高增速,预计2024-2026年中国分别有20GW、30GW、40GW光伏边框应用玻纤,对应玻纤需求量分别约8万吨、12万吨和16万吨。

根据国投证券测算,2025-2026年,新能源领域对玻纤的需求分别为139.03万吨、151.97万吨,新能源领域对玻纤的需求增速为34.85%和9.31%。

此外,新能源汽车渗透率提升,轻量化和智能化均为玻纤需求增长带来强有力支撑。根据国家统计局数据,2016-2024年,中国汽车产量由2819.3万辆增长至3155.93万辆,其中新能源汽车产量由45.5万辆增加至1316.8万辆。

国投证券表示,与传统燃油车相比,新能源汽车因其电子化程度高,在电池、电机和电控三大核心系统中均增加了对PCB的需求,对电子布的需求显著增加。根据国投证券统计,新能源汽车单车PCB用量约为传统燃油车的4-5倍,汽车PCB有望成为PCB下游应用增长最快的领域之一,驱动电子布需求快速增长。

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