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  4月22日电据最高法官方微信消息,工农业固体废物、建筑垃圾、生活垃圾,特别是其中的危险废物,会严重污染空气、水体、土壤,对生态环境安全构成巨大威胁,是环境治理中的一大难题。在4月22日世界地球日,最高人民法院专题发布3件人民法院依法审理涉固体废物污染环境典型案例。本次发布的典型案例主要有以下特点:

  一是坚持最严格制度最严密法治。人民法院依法加大对严重破坏生态环境的涉固体废物污染环境违法犯罪行为的打击力度,特别是对于跨省(直辖市)排放、倾倒、处置有放射性的废物、含传染病病原体的废物、有毒物质或者其他有害物质的违法犯罪活动,予以从重处罚。案例一,吴某友、邓某等人在未取得建筑垃圾消纳批准手续、未采取环保防护措施情况下,将上海多处建筑工地的4800余吨混合垃圾运至江苏省启东市的两处废弃鱼塘,进行倾倒并覆土掩埋,属于最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、司法部、生态环境部《关于办理环境污染刑事案件有关问题座谈会纪要》明确规定可以从重处罚的情形。人民法院对吴某友、邓某等人在长江经济带区域跨省(直辖市)实施的非法倾倒、处置涉案混合垃圾的犯罪行为,依法从重处罚,具有较强的警示教育作用,将有力震慑类似情况的发生。

  二是全面追究破坏生态行为人法律责任。人民法院坚持对生态破坏行为的零容忍态度,贯彻落实全面追责原则,对破坏生态违法犯罪行为人依法妥善协调适用刑事、民事、行政责任,确保生态环境得到有效保护。案例二,袁某勤伙同他人非法从事跨省收集、倾倒、堆放危险废物铝灰的违法犯罪行为,且将铝灰堆放在汾河入黄口附近流域,造成生态环境严重污染。人民法院在依法追究行为人刑事责任的同时,通过依法审理附带民事公益诉讼案件判令行为人承担相应的环境损害责任,充分体现了对违法犯罪行为人全面追责的司法态度,是司法服务保障黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展重大国家战略的生动体现。

  三是支持和保障行政机关依法行政、严格执法。根据《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法》等有关规定,生态环境主管部门或者其他负有固体废物污染环境防治监督管理职责的部门作为执法机关,对涉固体废物污染违法行为应当依法查处,严厉打击。人民法院依法支持和保障行政机关依法追究涉固体废物污染环境违法行为人的法律责任,既能够维护法律的严肃性和权威性,又能够与行政机关在各自职责范围内相互配合、协作,形成强大的执法合力,更好地保护生态环境、维护生态安全。案例三,某珍珠商行虽然取得进口许可,但是进口的大凤螺贝壳因脏污、有异味被鉴别为固体废物,被大鹏海关责令退运,因此该珍珠商行的行为构成违法,被大鹏海关处以罚款。人民法院依法支持海关执法行为,阻止固体废物入境,这一举措既对商家在进口货物、物品时必须要严格依法依规办事、尽到审慎注意义务起到警示教育作用,也为捍卫国门生态安全筑起了一道司法防线。

目录

  案例1

  吴某友、邓某等人跨省(直辖市)非法倾倒混合垃圾污染环境案——从重处罚在长江经济带区域跨省(直辖市)非法倾倒固体废物行为

  案例2

  袁某勤跨省非法倾倒危险废物污染环境刑事附带民事公益诉讼案——全面追究在黄河流域跨省非法倾倒固体废物行为的法律责任

  案例3

  某珍珠商行诉大鹏海关行政处罚案——虽取得进口许可但进口物品最终被鉴别为固体废物的行为属于违法行为

  案例1

  吴某友、邓某等人跨省(直辖市)非法倾倒混合垃圾污染环境案——从重处罚在长江经济带区域跨省(直辖市)非法倾倒固体废物行为

  【基本案情】

  吴某友、邓某等人于2022年在江苏省启东市寻找到两处废弃鱼塘作为垃圾填埋点,在未取得建筑垃圾消纳批准手续、未采取环保防护措施情况下,吴某友、邓某等人将上海多处建筑工地的4800余吨混合垃圾运至上述鱼塘,进行倾倒并覆土掩埋。经鉴定,涉案固体废物、土壤及地下水均检出含有重金属铜、铅、铬、镍、锌、钡、挥发酚及氟化物,地下水化学需氧量、总磷超过《污水综合排放标准》污染物排放浓度三级标准。涉案混合垃圾系生活垃圾与建筑垃圾的混合物,属于《中华人民共和国刑法》第三百三十八条规定的有害物质。涉案清运处置费用经评估约为170万元,已由另案处理的其他被告人履行完毕。

  【裁判结果】

  江苏省东台市人民法院经审理认为,被告人吴某友、邓某等人违反国家规定,非法倾倒、处置有害物质,构成污染环境罪。被告人吴某友、邓某与他人共同实施故意犯罪,系共同犯罪,且在犯罪中起主要作用,系主犯,依法按照其所参与的全部犯罪处罚。又因被告人吴某友、邓某等人在长江经济带区域跨省(直辖市)实施非法倾倒、处置有害物质犯罪行为,酌情从重处罚。综合考量各被告人的行为动机目的、对生态环境的破坏程度等多方因素,分别判处各被告人有期徒刑三年至一年六个月不等刑罚,并处罚金。宣判后,吴某友、邓某等人未提出上诉,该判决已发生法律效力。

  【典型意义】

  本案系人民法院依法严惩在长江经济带区域跨省(直辖市)非法倾倒混合垃圾污染环境的典型案例。近年来,随着沿长江经济带发展的持续推进,城市建设产生了大量的建筑垃圾、生活垃圾。由于处置能力有限、处置费用高昂等原因,个别犯罪团伙将上述建筑垃圾、生活垃圾跨省(直辖市)转移、倾倒至周边县市,对生态环境造成严重污染和破坏。最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、司法部、生态环境部《关于办理环境污染刑事案件有关问题座谈会纪要》明确指出,对于发生在长江经济带区域跨省(直辖市)排放、倾倒、处置有放射性的废物、含传染病病原体的废物、有毒物质或者其他有害物质的,可以从重处罚。本案中,人民法院对符合上述情形的吴某友、邓某等人酌情从重处罚,将有力促进传统建筑行业转型升级,积极发展绿色清洁高效的新质生产力,充分体现了为长江经济带共抓大保护、不搞大开发提供有力司法保障的坚定决心。

  案例2

  袁某勤跨省非法倾倒危险废物污染环境刑事附带民事公益诉讼案——全面追究在黄河流域跨省非法倾倒固体废物行为的法律责任

  【基本案情】

  2021年,袁某勤为谋取非法利益,伙同他人先后从河南、山西等地收集铝灰运输至山西省万荣县倾倒堆放。经查,袁某勤非法倾倒堆放铝灰共计约14363吨,从中非法获利60余万元,造成转运清理及处置铝灰费用等公私财产损失1000余万元。经鉴定,涉案铝灰属于危险废物,会对生态环境造成严重损害。检察机关在对袁某勤污染环境罪提起刑事诉讼的同时,以袁某勤污染环境的行为损害社会公共利益为由,一并提起附带民事公益诉讼。

  【裁判结果】

  山西省万荣县人民法院经审理认为,被告人袁某勤违反国家规定,无危险废物经营许可证,非法从事收集、贮存危险废物铝灰经营活动,严重污染环境,情节严重,已构成污染环境罪,依法判处有期徒刑六年,并处罚金100万元,违法所得60余万元依法予以追缴。同时,对于造成环境污染、损害社会公共利益的行为,依法应当承担侵权责任,判决附带民事诉讼被告袁某勤支付铝灰转运、处置等费用共计1000余万元。袁某勤不服一审判决提起上诉,山西省运城市中级人民法院二审裁定驳回上诉,维持原判。

  【典型意义】

  本案系人民法院全面追究在黄河流域跨省倾倒堆放危险废物破坏生态环境行为法律责任的典型案例。《国家危险废物名录(2021年版)》明确将电解铝、再生铝企业产生的铝灰渣纳入名录作为危险废物管理。本案中,被告人袁某勤伙同他人非法从事跨省收集、倾倒、堆放危险废物铝灰的违法犯罪行为,且将铝灰堆放在汾河入黄口附近流域,造成生态环境严重污染。人民法院充分发挥环境资源审判职能作用,在依法追究被告人刑事责任的同时,通过依法审理附带民事公益诉讼案件判令行为人承担相应的环境损害责任,充分体现了坚持“环境有价、损害担责”原则,对违法行为人全面追责的司法态度,也是司法服务保障黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展重大国家战略的生动体现。

  案例3

  某珍珠商行诉大鹏海关行政处罚案——虽取得进口许可但进口物品最终被鉴别为固体废物的行为属于违法行为

  【基本案情】

  某珍珠商行于2021年4月15日向大鹏海关申报进口大凤螺贝壳10990千克。大鹏海关查验后取样送检,深圳海关检测中心于2021年5月26日出具鉴别结论,认为所送样品为贝壳,已去肉,有异味、沙土及脏污,判定为加工过程中产生的残余物,属于固体废物。2021年7月7日,大鹏海关立案调查,同日对该珍珠商行经营者邓某进行询问,邓某对货物查验及送检鉴定为固体废物无异议,放弃复检鉴别权利。2021年8月17日,大鹏海关责令某珍珠商行将涉案贝壳退运出境,该商行于2021年10月25日申报退运。大鹏海关告知拟处罚结果和陈述、申辩、要求听证权利,某珍珠商行仅进行书面申辩。大鹏海关经延长办案期限,于2022年1月21日作出行政处罚决定,对某珍珠商行处以罚款50万元。某珍珠商行不服,提起本案行政诉讼。

  【裁判结果】

  广东省深圳市中级人民法院经审理认为,《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法》第一百一十五条第一款规定,违反本法规定,将境外的固体废物输入境内的,由海关责令退运该固体废物,处五十万元以上五百万元以下的罚款。本案中,某珍珠商行申报进口的10990千克大凤螺贝壳,去肉但未清洗干净,有异味,表面有沙土、脏污等,被鉴别机构判定为固体废物。某珍珠商行经营者邓某表示对该鉴别结论无异议,也放弃复检鉴别的权利。大鹏海关在听取其陈述、申辩,保障其听证权后,作出行政处罚决定,符合法律规定,遂判决驳回某珍珠商行的诉讼请求。某珍珠商行不服一审判决,提起上诉,广东省高级人民法院二审判决驳回上诉,维持原判。

  【典型意义】

  本案系一起人民法院依法支持海关部门制止具有生态风险的固体废物进口的典型案例。国门生态安全是国家生态环境安全体系的重要组成部分。2020年11月,生态环境部等四部委联合发布《关于全面禁止进口固体废物有关事项的公告》,明确自2021年1月1日起,我国将全面禁止“洋垃圾”等固体废物入境。本案中,某珍珠商行虽然取得进口许可,也据实进行申报,但是进口的大凤螺贝壳因脏污、有异味被鉴别为固体废物,被大鹏海关责令退运,因此该珍珠商行的行为构成违法,被大鹏海关处以罚款。人民法院依法支持海关执法行为,阻止固体废物入境,这一举措不仅是对进口商家在进口货物、物品时必须要严格依法依规办事、尽到审慎注意义务的严厉警示,更为捍卫国门生态安全筑起了一道司法防线。 我们没试过在阳台做呢 - 基于2021年最新的理论拓展多领域应用与的相关文章 特斯拉Cybertruck被曝已缩减产能的相关文章
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