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  各位小伙伴大家好呀,我是投顾团队的晓月。

  自美国时间4月2日特朗普正式宣布关税政策以来,中美双方开启了一系列你来我往的“出牌”行动,包括央妈、国家队、人民日报等各大官方机构也纷纷声援,积极应对。

  4月11日,国务院关税税则委员会明确表示,鉴于在目前关税水平下,美国输华商品已无市场接受可能性,如果美方后续对中国输美商品继续加征关税,中方将不予理会。

  至此,可以说中美关税之间的博弈已经进入深水区了。

  各大机构近一周对关税的应对措施

数据来源:公开资讯,广发基金整理,截至20250411

  短期来看,目前A股市场主要指数基本企稳,投资者情绪得到一定释放、市场拥挤度缓释,再加上4月7日沪指大跌超7%,创业板指跌超12.5%,多种大类资产估值跌回了高赔率的区间,不少小伙伴都有些心动:“当前的核心资产,迎来布局窗口期了吗?”

  因此,今天我们再来看看广发基金投顾团队对于大家关注度比较高的A股、A债、港股以及黄金资产的最新观点。

  1. A股:看四个方向

  从市场估值层面来看,大跌之下A股主要宽基指数估值回归合理区间。其中,恒生科技、恒生消费、创业板指的近10年市盈率分位数均低于30%。

数据来源:wind,数据区间20150414-20250414

  而我们的投顾温度计,自今年2月市场反弹以来也是首次回到低估区,降温至29°;其中PE分位数为66%,PB分位数为22%,股债利差为1%。

数据来源:wind、广发基金,统计区间2024.04.15-2025.04.11,市场估值温度值基于历史指数数据计算得出,不代表预测未来表现

  总体来看,当前国内有多项政策储备来对冲关税的冲击,整体上稳市场的意愿和力度较强。基于关税冲击的缓和以及各类资产的位置,我们认为A股市场还是仍具备一定的吸引力的。

  至于具体的板块,我们在之前的文章《关税的大浪下,我们挖掘出了被“错杀”的板块》也提到过,这四个方向建议大家近期关注:

  l 对美出口敞口极小,基本不受关税直接影响,但有一定的顺周期性质的方向

  例如非银金融、银行、房地产、煤炭、公用事业、食品饮料等。这些非出口型、偏顺周期的行业,被错杀后的估值反而变得更加有吸引力了。

  l 虽然有一定的对美出口敞口,但本身具有海外产能布局的方向

  以家电、轻工制造、纺织服装为代表。由于美国暂缓了近90个国家的对等关税,这对于那些有海外产能的公司而言形成明显利好。

  例如,一些受益于东南亚转出口的轻工制造、纺织服装行业,以及部分海外产能较为完善的家电公司近期表现都不错。

  l 存在对美敞口、海外产能一般,但具有国产替代主线的方向

  以计算机和通信为主。在中美贸易摩擦的背景下,国产替代或成为长期发展的大趋势,计算机和通信行业作为技术密集型行业,或有一定机遇。

  l 业务与海外和宏观经济都关系不大,纯粹被情绪错杀的方向

  以成长型为主,本身在情绪冲击下的弹性就比较大,传媒、国防军工、创新药是比较典型板块。

  因此,基于这样的团队研判,我们在组合管理上也做出了一些积极的应对,具体可以看组合持仓页面。

  2. 国内债券:配置价值仍存  

  4月初债市在经历快速上涨后回归震荡走势,债券收益率整体有所下行。

  4月中,关税博弈发酵以及宽货币预期支撑债市暴涨,但随后债市迎来全面调整。4月中下旬,债市走势先扬后抑,从股债同涨逐渐转变为股强债弱的分化走势,市场情绪也随之反复。

  整体来看,我们的观点仍维持不变:

  短期上,经济或存在放缓的概率,各项正面驱动因素呈现减弱或者不确定的特征,这也凸显出债券资产的配置价值依然存在。

  但长端利率债收益率近期已经发生了极大幅度的下行,一定程度上透支了一些降息降准的预期,如果后续没有持续性政策,可能还会出现回调风险。

  因此,从组合管理角度看,我们未来将重点关注组合的短期回撤,加强对于组合结构的管理、对不同债基策略的比较,以求为大家提高持有体验。

  3. 港股:中长期看好

  前期涨幅较高的恒生科技指数,受到了很多投资者朋友的关注。

  自关税公布以来,恒生科技指已经跌超7%,今年以来收益率从3月7日35%+的高点,回落到当前12.24%的位置。

数据来源:wind,截至20250414

  不过,大家也不用太焦虑。展望未来,我们对港股整体是“较为看好”的态度,在特朗普高度不确定政策的扰动与孤立主义的倾向之下,过去两年的美国例外论在系统性退潮,未来或有部分资金在全球再平衡,从美国流向非美市场,特别是稳定性与扩张性更强的中国与欧洲。

  因此,互联网龙头齐聚的恒生科技指数在中长期或仍具备配置价值。

  4. 黄金:今天再创新高

  今天的金价继续创新高,伦敦金现盘中最高点已冲击到3245.70美元/盎司了。

  我们前期提到过,由于对等关税导致海外资产大跌带来的流动性挤兑,带动全球金价走出了一段的调整行情。

  但当市场发现,其他资产的下跌并未极端化,且在对等关税暂缓后有所回升时,流动性挤兑的风险也就随之下降了。

  与此同时,美国股、债、汇市场同时回落,显示出美元信用的崩塌短期内似乎有进一步显性化的迹象,全球资本需要寻找美元替代品,资金流入黄金等避险资产,进而推动了今天金价的快速反弹。

  综上所述,从金价核心驱动力来看,避险需求、央行购金以及美联储降息周期一定程度上仍将利好黄金资产。

  最后的最后,作为投顾团队,还是想再次和大家聊聊【多元资产配置】的话题。

  我们近期在多篇文章中都有反复强调多元资产配置的重要性,尤其是在当前这样错综复杂的国际局势下,单一资产是很难一直保持亮眼表现的,并且在市场的快速轮动下,单一持仓也会让整个账户的回撤风险增加。

  对于咱们普通投资者来讲,多元资产配置或许才是提高投资胜率、以不变应万变的“投资良方”。

  如果你没有时间和精力关注市场,也可以考虑试一笔广发基金的投顾组合,我们的团队构建了宏观、基本面、估值、情绪和技术面的五维框架研判体系,致力于为你提供“从投到顾”的全方位服务,努力让大家拥有更轻松的投资体验。

  (文章来源:广发基金投顾)

  风险提示:广发基金本着勤勉尽责、诚实守信、投资者利益优先的原则开展基金投顾业务,但并不保证各投顾组合一定盈利,也不保证最低收益。投资者参与基金投顾业务,存在本金亏损的风险。基金投资组合策略的风险特征与单只基金产品的风险特征存在差异。基金投顾业务项下各投资组合策略的业绩仅代表过往业绩,不预示未来的业绩表现,为其他投资者创造的收益也不构成业务表现的保证。因基金投资顾问业务尚处于试点阶段,存在因基金投顾机构的试点资格被取消不能继续提供服务的风险。投资前请认真阅读投顾协议、策略说明书等法律文件,充分了解投顾业务详情及风险特征,选择适合自身的组合策略,投资须谨慎

  3月1日,百胜中国交出2024年成绩单的瞬间,资本市场仿佛被按下静音键——这份同时刷新营收纪录与同店跌幅的财报,将中国餐饮行业的复杂生态展现得淋漓尽致。从肯德基门店突破12000家的里程碑,到必胜客“WOW店”的逆势突围,从数字化订单占比突破90%的科技底色,到转基因油事件引发的信任危机,这份财报既折射出跨国巨头本土化运营的进化智慧,也暴露出存量竞争时代难以回避的结构性困局。

  营收增长与利润结构:驱动因素与隐忧

  2024年,百胜中国以113亿美元的总营收刷新历史纪录,同比增长3%,其中餐厅收入贡献了106.51亿美元,约占比94%,成为核心收入来源。旗舰品牌肯德基以85亿美元收入,为总营收贡献75%持续领跑,同比增长3%;必胜客则以22.6亿美元收入实现个位数增长,显示出品牌复苏迹象。然而,这一增长高度依赖门店扩张——全年净新增1751家门店,平均每天净新增近5家,总门店数达1.64万家,覆盖全国2200多个城镇。值得警惕的是,同店销售额全年下降3%,肯德基和必胜客客单价分别下滑4%、10%,反映出单店盈利能力承压。这种“以量补价”的增长模式,在消费疲软的市场环境下可持续性存疑。

  尽管核心经营利润同比增长12%至11.9亿美元,但品牌间表现显著分化。肯德基经营利润率同比下降0.8个百分点至16.9%,主要受早餐、咖啡等高性价比产品占比提升及人力成本上涨拖累;必胜客则通过菜单结构调整和“WOW店”模式优化,利润率逆势提升0.2个百分点至12%。第四季度成本控制成效显现,食品成本占比下降0.5个百分点,薪资支出占比降低0.8个百分点,推动当季餐厅利润率同比提升1.6个百分点至12.3%。这种季度改善能否持续,仍需观察原材料价格波动与运营效率提升的平衡。

  公司宣布15亿美元股东回馈计划,包括2.48亿美元股息和12.4亿美元股票回购,相当于流通股的8%。这一激进回馈背后是充裕的现金流支撑——全年经营现金流达14亿美元,但资本开支7-8亿美元的扩张计划与高额回购并行的财务策略,可能压缩未来创新投入空间。市场对此反应分歧,年报发布后股价剧烈波动,反映出投资者对“规模扩张”与“质量增长”的权衡疑虑。

  战略转型与未来挑战:创新与合规的平衡术

  百胜中国正加速向低线城市渗透,2024年加盟店占新增门店29%,计划未来肯德基/必胜客加盟比例提升至40-50%/20-30%。这种策略有效突破地理边界——目前800个城市尚未覆盖肯德基,1400个城市缺少必胜客。但快速扩张带来管理挑战:新店3个月内盈利比例虽达80%,但单店投资回报周期已从2年延长至2-3年,且食品安全事件暴露出品控风险。如何在规模与质量间取得平衡,成为管理层的核心课题。

  品牌差异化战略成效显著:肯德基通过“肯悦咖啡”拓展饮品赛道,700家咖啡店贡献单位数销售增长,原味鸡汉堡等新品拉动年轻客群;必胜客借“WOW店”转型大众化,200家门店以低价策略吸引学生及家庭客群,使同店销售额降幅从Q3的-6%收窄至Q4的-2%。数字化建设同样亮眼:会员总数超6.7亿,数字订单占比90%,外卖收入占餐厅收入40%,构建起线上线下融合的消费生态。但创新成本不容忽视——咖啡业务面临豆价上涨压力,低价策略导致必胜客客单价同比下降10%,可能侵蚀长期品牌价值。

  2024年天津肯德基转基因油事件暴露合规短板,虽然涉事金额不大,但舆情发酵导致品牌声誉受损。在餐饮行业监管趋严的背景下,食品安全合规成本可能上升。同时,本土品牌华莱士、塔斯汀等通过极致性价比抢占市场,2024年百胜中国在10-20元价格带的市占率下降2个百分点。外部经济不确定性加剧消费者价格敏感度,如何在高品质与可负担性间找到新平衡点,将决定其市场领导地位的稳固性。

  百胜中国的2024年财报展现了一个传统巨头转型的典型样本:通过下沉市场扩张获取规模效应,借助产品创新重塑品牌形象,运用数字化提升运营效率。但隐忧同样明显——过度依赖门店扩张的营收增长、客单价下滑导致的利润承压、快速扩张中的管理风险。展望2025年,随着1600-1800家新店计划推进和30亿美元股东回馈承诺兑现,公司需要在规模狂奔中建立更精细化的运营体系,在创新试错中守住品质底线,方能在餐饮行业存量竞争中续写增长传奇。对于投资者而言,短期股价波动或许只是序曲,真正的考验在于这些战略布局能否在2026年2万家门店的目标达成时,转化为可持续的盈利能力。

  本文创作借助AI工具收集整理市场数据和行业信息,结合辅助观点分析和撰写成文。

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