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  4月18日晚,中国证券业协会发布《证券公司并表管理指引(试行)》,主要内容包括明确并表管理范围以及各要素的管理要求、配套制定行业并表管理风控指标计算标准以及设置差异化过渡期等,旨在提升证券公司全面风险管理能力,助力行业高质量发展。

  多位券商相关负责人对中国证券报记者表示,《指引》对于提升证券公司核心竞争力以及行业整体风险管理水平具有重要意义,有利于证券公司健全业务协同机制,强化全面风险管理、资本管理、集中度和内部交易管理。

  为并表管理提供积极指引

  《指引》共八章、四十一条,对证券公司并表管理总则、并表管理的范围及层级、并表管理各要素的管理要求等多个方面内容予以明确,既是对中证协《证券公司全面风险管理规范(修订稿)》和各类风险管理规范的有效统筹和强化,也为行业机构践行并表管理提供了规范和指南。

  《指引》所称并表管理,是指证券公司对并表管理体系的公司治理、资本和财务等进行全面持续的管控,有效识别、计量、监测、评估和控制证券公司的总体风险状况。并表管理适用适用于境内依法设立的证券公司,并表管理体系由证券公司及其下设的各级附属机构组成(含境外子公司)。

  对于并表主体范围,《指引》明确,除涵盖现行企业会计准则规定的会计并表范围的机构外,证券公司对被投资机构不构成控制,但被投资机构所产生的风险和潜在损失足以对证券公司造成重大影响的,也应纳入并表管理范围。并表业务范围方面,证券公司应当将纳入并表管理机构的各类表内外、境内外、本外币业务纳入整体并表管理业务范围。

  国泰海通相关负责人对记者表示,近年来,证券公司业务领域持续扩大,附属机构类型持续增多,证券公司高质量发展面临诸多挑战。《指引》的发布对于证券公司加强子公司管控、加快推进证券行业高质量发展、建设一流投资银行具有重要意义。

  早在2020年,证监会就批准了6家券商实施并表监管试点,为试点转常规探索和积累了行之有效的做法和经验。中信证券相关负责人认为,《指引》在充分总结吸收试点实践经验的同时,兼顾了可操作性和前瞻性,为证券公司看得清、管得住风险提供了一个全面、统一的并表管理框架,对提升证券公司核心竞争力及行业整体风险管理水平具有重要意义。

  明确并表管理构成要素管理要求

  《指引》还对公司治理、业务协同与内部交易管理、风险管理、资本管理等并表管理构成要素的管理要求予以明确。

  在公司治理方面,《指引》明确,公司董事会、监事会、经理层、各部门、各分支机构及各附属机构要充分履行相应的并表管理职责,并委托外部专业机构对并表管理的有效性进行评估,频率为每3年至少进行1次;在每个会计年度结束后四个月内,需向中证协报送年度并表管理情况。

  在业务协同与内部交易管理方面,《指引》明确,要确保各附属机构有明确的经营目标和市场定位,避免公司内部业务混同操作;对内部交易进行并表管理,充分关注潜在利益输送、虚增资本、转移收入、风险传染、监管套利和其他对公司稳健经营可能产生的负面影响。

  在风险管理方面,《指引》要求从风险文化、制度与偏好、风险识别评估、监测预警、应对报告等全流程及集中度管理等方面强化证券公司风险管理能力,并从信息系统建设、风险管理人员配备、并表数据治理及质量控制等方面加大证券公司风险管理资源投入,夯实基础保障。

  在资本管理方面,《指引》在强调坚持资本集约型、高质量稳健发展的同时,配套制定了行业并表风险控制指标计算标准,要求证券公司应按照标准,计算并表管理体系的相关风险控制指标。证券公司还应根据附属机构数量、业务复杂程度、内部管理需要等,构建反映公司整体风险水平、各类风险水平以及资本充足水平的指标体系,并逐步实现系统计算和监测。

  中金公司相关负责人认为,《指引》有利于证券公司健全业务协同机制,强化全面风险管理、资本管理、集中度和内部交易管理;从长远视角来看,未来行业将从规模扩张向资本效率驱动转型,推动实现风险隔离机制与业务协同效应的动态平衡,将为金融体系的整体稳健运行提供结构性保障。

  值得注意的是,此次《指引》还强调科技赋能,要求证券公司应当重视并加大信息系统建设投入。对此,华泰证券相关负责人认为,这将使全行业加大信息技术等各项资源投入,推动行业风险管理数字化转型,筑牢行业风险防线。

  设置不超三年的差异化过渡期

  考虑到行业实际情况和系统调整等因素,《指引》针对不同类型的证券公司设置了不同的过渡期:一是已正式实施并表监管试点的证券公司,过渡期为自发布之日起一年;二是其他下设有境外附属机构的证券公司,过渡期为自发布之日起两年;三是其余证券公司,过渡期为自发布之日起三年。

  过渡期的设置得到业内机构的一致认同。招商证券相关负责人认为,设置过渡期有利于证券行业并表管理从试点转向常规监管的平稳过渡。招商证券将在前期践行并表管理的基础上,进一步对照《指引》落实各项监管要求,持续完善风险管理体系,为证券行业的整体稳健运行和风险管理水平提升贡献积极力量。

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