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  据美国广播公司报道,一些小企业主表示,美国总统特朗普实施的关税政策让他们感到“压力倍增”,未来充满不确定性。

  报道称,作为美国人早餐不可或缺的一部分,咖啡和茶的价格可能会更加高昂。

  咖啡与茶叶店主阿比盖尔:我们现在从14个国家进口,每一个都在加征关税的名单上。

  阿比盖尔介绍说,她家的茶叶主要进口自亚洲国家,其中大多来自中国,特朗普新关税政策出台后,产品涨价不可避免。

  在另一家咖啡店,店主罗伯托说,涨价是迫不得已,因为即使在从前关税正常的时候,咖啡的利润就比较低,如今面临更高的关税,他们已经承担不起。

  咖啡店主罗伯托:我们不能消化这个成本。

  记者:你们无法消化?

  咖啡店主罗伯托:我们不能,10%的关税就会让利润大打折扣。

  美国是世界上最大的咖啡消费国,但是美国本土能种咖啡的地方却凤毛麟角。所以无论如何,想用“美国制造”来填补美国人对咖啡的巨大需求是不可能的。

  记者:我们在美国能种植咖啡吗?

  咖啡店主罗伯托:不能,在美国没法种,因为种植咖啡必须要有特定的海拔以及热带气候。

  咖啡与茶叶店主阿比盖尔:这里有几个茶园。如果我们把他们一年内种植的每片茶叶都买下来,生意可能能维持3到5个月。

  春光和煦,是踏青好季节。但最近悬铃木吹絮严重,有人选择坐在室内隔着玻璃窗晒太阳,认为一样有阳光,同样能补钙。这可行吗?

  其实,“晒太阳可以补钙”的说法本身就不严谨。

  晒太阳并不能直接为人体提供钙元素,只是有助于补充维生素D。维生素D可以提高钙在肠道中的吸收能力,维持肌肉的力量。阳光中的紫外线B(UVB)能够作用于人体皮肤,使7-脱氢胆固醇转化为维生素D3,被吸收入血并经肝、肾代谢后变成活性维生素D。活性维生素D可以促进钙、磷吸收,还能调整骨代谢,从而达到补钙的功效,预防佝偻病、骨质疏松等病症。

  研究表明,虽然维生素D也可通过食物补充一部分,但约80%还是要通过紫外线照射来自身合成。所以为了预防骨质疏松,平时要注意适当晒太阳。

  隔着玻璃晒太阳能补钙吗?很难。根据波长不同,太阳光中的紫外线可以分为UVA、UVB和UVC。其中UVA波长最长,为320—400纳米,能量较低,95%以上能穿透大气层,是导致皮肤光老化和晒黑的元凶。UVB波长中等,为290—320纳米,但能量较高,大部分会被臭氧层吸收,仅约10%能到达地面,是导致皮肤晒伤和色素沉着的主要原因。UVC波长最短,为100—290纳米,几乎完全被臭氧层吸收,无法到达地面。

  能帮助合成维生素D的是UVB,UVA则对维生素D的合成没有帮助。普通玻璃如窗户、汽车玻璃,几乎可以阻挡所有的UVB,仅允许UVA透过。特殊玻璃(如石英玻璃)可能允许UVB通过,但日常生活中极少使用这类材料。

  因此,隔着玻璃晒太阳,紫外线的透过率会大幅度降低,即使感到温暖,皮肤也无法获得足够的UVB来合成维生素D,从而无法促进人体对钙的吸收。

  虽然晒太阳有助于人体合成维生素D、促进对钙的吸收,但晒太阳也要讲究科学,否则可能晒黑晒伤。

  那么,晒太阳要涂防晒霜吗?有研究测定,SPF15防晒霜可使维生素D的光合成减少98%。但如果涂了防晒霜,不能达到合成维生素D的目的。

  其实,要解决这对矛盾,得用科学的方式晒太阳。

  首先,选择合适的时间。9时到10时、15时到17时,这两个时段温度比较合适,阳光中的紫外线强度又不是最高,是比较好的晒太阳时间。

  其次,选择合适的频次和时长。每周2—3次,将头面部、手臂、腿部等暴露在日光下30—60分钟,就足以帮助人体合成维生素D。

  最后,进行一定的防护。为避免晒伤,可以穿着轻薄、浅色的衣服,背着阳光让光线从后面照射;还可以戴上墨镜,防止紫外线晒伤眼睛。总之,晒太阳不用过度,适可而止。

  此外,晒太阳的同时要注意补充钙。乳制品、豆制品、海产品、绿叶蔬菜、坚果中的含钙量都很丰富,必要时可以补充钙制剂。本报记者白璐王一凡 一品村夫小说全文免费阅读笔趣阁 - 真实的生活故事随着人们的目光交错,情的相关文章 警方通报浙江队外援坠亡:排除刑案的相关文章
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