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(图片来源:视觉中国)

  蓝鲸新闻4月22日讯(记者石雨)近日,中国保险行业协会组织召开人身保险业责任准备金评估利率专家咨询委员会2025年一季度例会,就宏观经济形势、市场利率走势和行业发展情况进行研究,同时确定当前普通型人身保险产品预定利率研究值为2.13%。

  今年1月,金融监管总局向各人身保险公司下发《关于建立预定利率与市场利率挂钩及动态调整机制有关事项的通知》(下称“通知”),明确提出中国保险行业协会定期组织人身保险业责任准备金评估利率专家咨询委员会成员召开会议,结合5年期以上贷款市场报价利率(LPR)、5年期定期存款利率、10年期国债收益率等市场利率变化和行业资产负债管理情况,研究人身保险产品预定利率有关事项,每季度发布预定利率研究值。

  “预定利率研究值”主要用于指导保险公司调整保险产品的预定利率。

  彼时,中国保险行业协会组织召开的人身保险业责任准备金评估利率专家咨询委员会例会认为普通型人身保险产品预定利率研究值为2.34%。时隔三个月后,预定利率研究值下调为2.13%,下降21bps。

  2.13%的研究值,已较在售普通型人身保险产品预定利率上限2.5%有37个基点‌差,超过25个基点。而根据《通知》,当公司在售普通型人身保险产品预定利率最高值连续2个季度比预定利率研究值高25个基点及以上时,要及时下调新产品预定利率最高值,并在2个月内平稳做好新老产品切换工作。

  那么下一季度,研究值是否会延续下调趋势?

  “经我们测算,1Q25预定利率研究值为2.16%,与实际的2.13%基本接近,展望来看平均每个月下降压力约4bps左右,2Q25研究值已接近2.0%整数关口,若年内后续国债到期收益率曲线低于当前水平,不排除2Q25预定利率研究值将触及2.0%下方”,中泰证券研究员葛玉翔、蒋峤分析提出。

  在此基础上,多位业内人士预计,2025年9月或迎来产品预定利率调整期。“利率低位下,预计7月公布的Q2研究值也将低于2.25%,则要进行下调,若考虑2个月的缓冲期,则预计下调时间为9月”,国金证券研报提出,预计传统险预定利率或直接降至2%。

  在预定利率进一步下调后,传统保险产品的竞争力无疑将进一步削弱,驱动保险公司加快分红险等浮动收益型产品的发展转型。

  “中长期来看,传统险预定利率将降至90年代以来的最低水平,分红险等浮动收益型产品将更具发展土壤。未来随着险企浮动收益型产品占比逐渐提升,负债成本的压力缓释及投资风险的有效分散将有助于险企进一步提高权益配置比例,加大入市力度”,光大证券研报分析道。

  “潜在利差损仍是当前悬在寿险公司估值上方的达摩克里克斯之剑,后续预定利率调整利大于弊”,在葛玉翔、蒋峤看来,有效降低综合负债成本仍是当前持续低利率环境下寿险公司的首要课题。

  对于研究值的下调,保险机构均表示,将密切关注宏观经济形势和预定利率研究值走势,及时跟进市场利率变化,结合行业发展和自身经营情况,研究调整产品定价,不断提升负债质量。

  来源:锦桥纺织网

  项目承担:北京棉花展望信息咨询有限责任公司

  监测对象:18个主要棉花生产、消费省的100家棉纺织厂

  3月,国内方面,两会召开释放稳经济、促消费的信号,宏观氛围偏暖,加上棉纺行业进入传统旺季销售较为顺畅,棉花需求整体向好,尽管受到中美互加关税扰动,但国内棉价总体保持平稳;国际方面,受美国关税政策引发市场经济衰退预期升温,美元指数持续走弱,叠加美国植棉意向下滑等多重因素影响,国际棉价呈大幅震荡走势。

  一、国内外现货价格变化情况

  (一)中国棉花价格指数窄幅震荡

  3月初,在中美互相加征关税的影响下,中国棉花价格指数下跌,最低跌至14835元/吨,为全月最低点。随后全国两会召开,发布提振消费政策和一系列扩大内需举措,给商品市场带来支撑,中国棉花价格指数小幅反弹,之后维持窄幅震荡走势。3月中国棉花价格指数(CCIndex3128B)月均价14885元/吨,环比下跌14元,同比下跌2237元。

  (二)长绒棉需求未见好转

  3月,国内高支纱订单未现明显回暖迹象,市场观望情绪浓厚,长绒棉采购热度不高,整体购销氛围清淡,价格处震荡整理状态。月底137级长绒棉报价22400元/吨,环比上涨150元,高于中国棉花价格指数(CCIndex3128B)7519元,价差较上月扩大216元。137级长绒棉月均成交价22270元/吨,环比上涨120元,同比下跌8730元。

  (三)国际棉价大幅波动

  3月初,因中美两国互加关税,国际棉价下跌至近4年低点;随后美国通胀出现降温迹象,市场担忧情绪缓解,叠加美棉出口数据表现强劲、美棉新年度种植面积意向下调,棉价逐步反弹;下旬市场对美国经济衰退和关税的担忧加剧,棉价有所下跌。ICE期棉主力合约月均结算价65.9美分/磅,环比下跌1.3美分,跌幅1.9%。中国进口棉价格指数FCIndexM月均价75.9美分/磅,环比下跌0.3美分,跌幅0.4%;月底77.4美分/磅,环比上涨2.1美分,1%关税下折人民币13667元/吨,低于同期中国棉花价格指数(CCIndex3128B)1214元,内外棉价差较上月底缩小394元。

  (四)棉纺织行业订单复苏乏力,纱线价格小幅下跌

  棉纺织行业进入传统旺季,下游订单较上月好转,但仍不及往年,呈旺季不旺状态,纺织厂开机维持高位,整体利润率较低,对市场信心不足,原料补库较谨慎。纯棉纱KC32S月末成交价21040元/吨,环比下跌200元;精梳JC40S月末成交价23930元/吨,环比下跌90元;涤纶短纤月末成交价6740元/吨,环比下跌150元;粘胶短纤月末成交价13600元/吨,环比下跌125元。

  二、影响国内外棉花价格因素

  (一)美国加征关税,中国依法反制

  3月以来,美国政府对中国输美商品征收“对等关税”税率持续加码,最高达245%,中方依法反制,对原产于美国的进口商品加征关税税率提高至125%,并明确表示,鉴于在目前关税水平下,美国输华商品已无市场接受可能性,如果美方后续对中国输美商品继续加征关税,中方将不予理会。美国的关税政策严重抑制双边贸易,短期内不可避免地对我国棉纺织品出口造成冲击,部分加工贸易企业受到较大影响。

  (二)纺织品服装出口同比增长

  受政策预期因素影响,1季度企业抢出口导致纺织品同比有较大增幅。海关总署数据显示,2025年3月我国纺织品服装出口234亿美元,同比增长12.4%;其中纺织品出口120.5亿美元,同比增长16.1%;服装出口113.5亿美元,同比增长8.8%。2025年1-3月我国纺织品服装出口662.8亿美元,同比增长1%;其中纺织品出口332.7亿美元,同比增长4%;服装出口330.1亿美元,同比下降1.9%。

  (转自:锦桥纺织网)

  唐纳德·特朗普再次入主白宫才两个月,美国历经将近一个世纪时间建立起来的金融霸权支柱,从未显得如此动摇。

  特朗普对美联储再次长篇大论,明确地威胁要炒掉美联储主席鲍威尔,但这只会让他发动的这场全面贸易冲击波更强。投资者不得不重新审视支撑美国经济主导地位的资产。美元和美国国债作为压力时期的传统避风港,突然间看起来魅力大减。不久前,投资者还在期待所谓的特朗普交易,预计美国例外论会大放异彩,但现在看起来更像是抛售美国资产的交易。

  而这种转变涉及的范围甚至更广,可能还会伴随着痛苦。美国家庭作为全球经济的终极商品购买者,以及美国军队在安全和政治联盟中的关键角色,也在受到质疑。

  全球各地的政府和基金经理当前可谓同舟共济:都在艰难地调整方向。世界风起云涌之际,国际货币基金组织(IMF)将召开春季会议。本周全球经济领袖将齐聚华盛顿——这里几十年来是世界秩序的中心,如今却成为多事之地。

  “地缘政治权力结构正在我们眼皮底下重组,”德国商业银行董事长、前德国央行行长JensWeidmann上周在伦敦对听众表示。“美国的过度特权可能并非坚不可摧,”他说,半个多世纪前欧洲曾用这个词来形容美元的主导地位。

  让人们更为担忧的是,特朗普又加剧了针对美联储的口水战,要求其立即降息。有律师怀疑他是否有权解雇鲍威尔,但投资者对美联储独立性以及法治的信心可能已经受到伤害,而这本来正是美国市场的吸引力所在。

  巴克莱策略师周一在下调美元预测的报告中写道,“虽然我们仍将美联储主席下台视为可能性较低的事件,但美联储独立性下降的现实可能性所带来的美元风险太大且不容忽视”。

  当然美国体量太大可能不会很快倒下,但本月的动荡不能只是被当作意料之外的副作用就一笔勾销。面对市场的狂风暴雨,特朗普确实下调了部分关税,但其政府明确希望在所有方面进行根本性变革,认为其他国家一直在从美元、消费者和军事上搭便车。

  “信心丧失”

  美国长期以来依靠其消费主导型经济和美元作为全球金融和贸易的基础,外界普遍认为美国从中享受到了好处。而特朗普和他的团队关注的是被当作代价的方面——包括就业和制造业的损失,以及对世界其他地区的巨额债务。

  美国凭借资本流入为其财政和贸易逆差提供资金。4月2日之后,资金非但没有涌入美国,反而马上逃出。当时特朗普在白宫的玫瑰园挥舞着一张图表,宣布计划上调关税。

  根据ApolloManagement的TorstenSlok。外资持有19万亿美元的美国股票,7万亿美元的美国国债和5万亿美元的美国公司债,约占市场总量的20%至30%。这些仓位如果解除,会无比痛苦。

  “想想突然转向高度保护主义政策对美国声誉的损害,”摩根资管驻纽约的首席全球策略师DavidKelly表示。由此导致的对美国政策信心的丧失,“降低了人们愿意为美国资产支付的价格。”

  在美国国内,特朗普的关税令消费者和企业乱作一团,可能面临需求疲软、投入成本上升和被外国反制的公司股票大跌。标普500指数自4月2日以来下跌近10%,市值蒸发约4.8万亿美元。

  彭博美元指数今年下跌超过7%,创该指数自2005年推出以来最差年度开局。但最惹人注意的是美债暴跌。美国国债通常会在其他市场动荡时表现良好,例如2001年9月11日和金融危机期间。

  而就在本月,10年期美债收益率创下20多年来最大单周涨幅。据报道特朗普出于对债市崩盘的担忧收敛一些关税计划后,收益率从接近4.6%的高点回落,但自从他对美联储猛烈抨击以来,又重新攀升。

  美元下跌而美债收益率上升,令一些投资者感到惊讶,因为两者通常为正相关。如今恰恰相反,两者的相关性处于三年来最弱水平。这表明投资者对美国资产普遍避而远之,并对传统风险对冲工具产生质疑。

  “最令人吃惊的是,美国国债和美元并没有像我们以前看到的那样发挥避险作用,”RaymondJames&AssociatesInc.高级投资策略师TraceyManzi表示。

  美股周一遭遇“黑色星期一”,道指跌2.48%,纳指跌2.55%,标普500指数跌2.36%。科技股七巨头普遍下跌。英伟达下跌4.5%,亚马逊跌3.1%,谷歌A类股下跌2.3%。

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