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Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82
日本欧美一区二区三区片:走向更高效的生活方式,改变从现在开始
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日本欧美一区二区三区片:走向更高效的生活方式,改变从现在开始

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  来源:斑马消费

  2024年财报相继披露,一场黄酒企业关于“生存与突围”的较量已然浮出水面。

  会稽山凭借高端化战略迅猛发展,连续两年营收、扣非净利实现双位数增长;古越龙山则陷入困境,扣非净利微增,毛利率小幅下滑。

  金枫酒业处境更为艰难,已连续五年扣非净利为负,深陷亏损泥沼。

  行业持续低迷,高端化成为黄酒企业的发力重点。这究竟是引领行业破局的蜜糖,还是加剧困境的砒霜?

  冰火两重天

  2024年的黄酒市场,喜忧参半。

  喜的是,2024年,黄酒三巨头营收合计41.45亿元,是近五年三家营收首次迎来两位数增长。

  并且,近年来,白酒、啤酒、红酒均承压,恰恰是一度被冷落的黄酒,整体表现不错。2024年,葡萄酒、啤酒下滑,白酒虽然增长,但马太效应增强,黄酒行业算是仅有的强势板块。

  愁的是,黄酒三巨头的成绩,正在持续分化。

  会稽山(601579.SH)作为行业老二,凭借高端化、年轻化的战略,业绩快速增长。2024年,实现营收16.31亿元,同比增长15.6%;扣非净利润1.78亿元,同比增长14.83%。与行业老大古越龙山(600059.SH)之间的差距进一步缩小,归母净利润更是已近相当。

  更令人瞩目的是,会稽山中高端产品毛利率飙升至61.57%,整体毛利率同比增长11个百分点至52.08%。

  反观古越龙山,虽仍稳坐营收榜首,但瓶颈明显。2024年营收19.36亿元,同比仅增长8.55%;归母净利润为2.06亿元,近乎腰斩;扣非净利润1.98亿元,同比微增3.52%。而这已是古越龙山第四次业绩失约了。

  与会稽山形成鲜明对比的是,古越龙山中高档酒和普通酒的毛利率均较去年同期有所下降,整体毛利率也从2023年的37.58%下滑至37.16%。

  黄酒两强出现业绩分化,金枫酒业(600616.SH)的处境更堪称“水深火热”。顶着中国名牌七连冠的光环,2024年营收却只有5.78亿元,微增0.87%;归母净利润暴跌94.49%,仅剩576.14万元;扣非净利润为-140.86万元,连续五年亏损。

  保守or激进

  黄酒三巨头的差距为何越拉越大?这既藏在它们的历史基因里,也写进了各自的战略选择中。

  20世纪80年代前,黄酒还是中国酒桌上的“主角”,后来却被白酒赶超,到2016年后,市场份额被彻底碾压。在行业困局下,古越龙山、会稽山、金枫酒业的每一步,都肩负着拯救黄酒产业的重任。

  古越龙山前身为1951年的绍兴酿酒厂,1997年上市,是中国黄酒第一股;会稽山始于1743年“云集酒坊”,2014年上市,是唯一的民营上市黄酒企业;金枫酒业前身为上海市第一食品股份有限公司,1992年上市,2008年通过资产重组,转型专注黄酒主业。

  初期,三家差距微小,均有机会领跑。2015年财报显示,古越龙山、会稽山、金枫酒业营收分别为13.76亿元、9.15亿元、10.67亿元,扣非净利0.86亿元、1.08亿元、0.73亿元。

  到10年后的2024年,各家公司的发展高下立现。期间,古越龙山营收增长40.7%,扣非净利同比增长130%;会稽山营收增长78.2%,扣非净利增长64.8%;再看金枫酒业,营收出现“腰斩式”下滑,锐减46%,扣非净利连续亏损。

  业绩分化的背后,是三家企业战略选择与执行能力的深度较量。

  金枫酒业的衰落,更像是过于保守导致的悲剧:过度依赖江浙沪“老巢”,全国市场开拓迟迟不动;产品口味、包装跟不上消费者的喜好;2017年还主动缩减广告宣传费,加速品牌“隐身”。

  古越龙山一度凭着国企的底子和先发优势,稳坐龙头,后续也早早布局高端化,却因人力成本和材料成本相对较高,以及“高低价差”导致产品结构失衡——普通酒走量却低毛利,高端酒叫好不叫座,使得业绩增长缓慢。

  反观会稽山,2022年中建信入驻后,通过制定行业标准、打造文化IP、推出气泡黄酒等创新产品,聚焦高端化与年轻化,营收和归母净利润连续两年增速超15%。

  不可否认,会稽山的崛起带有“矮子里面拔将军”的色彩,但黄酒行业深陷下行周期太久了,相较于保守求稳、收缩战线,激进式改革方能带来一线生机。

  转型迷局

  黄酒未来该怎么走?摆在面前的只剩两条路:年轻化和高端化。

  但现实给了行业一记重拳——大把真金白银砸向年轻化,换来的却是水花寥寥。古越龙山“状元红”旗下“啡黄腾达”咖啡黄酒,2024年上半年销售额仅244万元,占总营收0.27%;会稽山“一日一熏”气泡黄酒截至2024年6月19日,销售额仅占上半年营收2.3%。

  此路难走,高端化几乎成了黄酒突围的最后希望。2024年度财报发布不久,古越龙山与会稽山罕见同步提价,试图推动“黄酒价值回归”。

  高端化战略看似美好,实则暗藏陷阱——品牌培育的巨额投入、消费者对高价黄酒的接受度、成本与利润的艰难平衡,每一步都如履薄冰。

  2024年,会稽山营销费用激增60.25%,但营收仅同比增长15.6%;古越龙山九年内八次调价,仍难扭转毛利率下滑趋势。

  从消费端看,黄酒的“低价心智”早已根深蒂固。数据显示,2024年白酒行业500ml均价超40元,而黄酒均价不足10元。即便会稽山高端产品毛利率可观,但其线上销售主力仍为25元/瓶的五年陈产品。

  行业层面的结构性矛盾更不容忽视。《中国黄酒行业发展现状及市场竞争格局分析报告》显示,2016-2023年,规模以上黄酒企业数量从112家缩减至81家,累计完成销售收入由2016年的198.23亿元降至2023年的85.47亿元。

  面对头部企业涨价推进高端化,在需求萎缩的背景下,其他玩家有可能继续选择低价,抢占平价市场。

  站在行业变革的十字路口,黄酒企业亟需回答:在追求“产品价值回归”的浪潮中,如何避免陷入“涨价—失市场”的恶性循环?当营销投入与利润增长难以平衡,又该如何在激进谋变与稳健运营间找到支点?

  据了解特朗普政府一份文件草案的人士透露,美国将争取让英国将其对美国进口汽车征收的关税从10%降至2.5%。

  英国财政大臣雷切尔·里夫斯将于本周会见美国财长斯科特·贝森特,推动英国与美国达成一项贸易协议,该协议可能会降低或取消特朗普对英国出口征收的关税。

  据报道,特斯拉政府方面正在准备贸易谈判的条款,目的是让英国减少对各种美国商品的关税和其他非关税壁垒。特朗普政府还打算推动英国方面对包括牛肉在内的美国农产品进口实行更宽松的规定。

  特朗普此前宣布对大多数从英国进口的商品征收10%的关税,对汽车和钢铁等关键行业征收25%的关税。

  目前尚不清楚,如果英国同意其所有贸易要求,美国是否会考虑降低对英国10%的关税。

  白宫发言人库什·德赛在被问及这份文件时表示:“政府的贸易和经济团队正在以极快的速度与我们的主要贸易伙伴谈判量身定制的协议。然而,任何最终决定和协议都将来自特朗普总统,而且只能来自特朗普总统。”

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