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  4月18日,中国证券业协会(简称“中证协”或“协会”)制定发布《证券公司并表管理指引(试行)》(简称《指引》),引导证券公司完善并表管理架构和模式,实现各类风险管理规范的有效统筹和强化。这也是对2020年并表监管试点的进一步推广。在业内人士看来,此次《指引》为证券行业机构践行并表管理提供了规范和指南,有助于证券公司夯实合规内控基础,统筹加强一体化、垂直化管理,促进功能发挥。

  明晰并表管理范围层级

  并表管理是指,证券公司对证券公司并表管理体系的公司治理、资本和财务等进行全面持续的管控,有效识别、计量、监测、评估和控制并表管理体系的总体风险状况。

  据悉,此次《指引》的落地,是对2020年证券公司并表监管试点的进一步推广。2020年,中国证监会批准6家证券公司实施并表监管试点。近年来,证券公司专业类子公司数量增加、业务领域不断扩展、市场服务功能更为丰富、国际化发展稳妥推进,加强并表管理的必要性日益突出。

  “《指引》充分反映了近年来我国证券行业的新情况、新变化、新要求,有利于引导证券公司体系化建立并表管理架构和模式,健全业务协同机制,不断提升综合性服务实体经济能力和差异化竞争力。”中金公司有关人士表示,从长远视角来看,未来行业将从规模扩张向资本效率驱动转型,推动实现风险隔离机制与业务协同效应的动态平衡,为金融体系的整体稳健运行提供结构性保障。

  从内容来看,《指引》共八章、四十一条,共涵盖并表管理范围、并表管理各要素的管理要求、配套制定行业并表管理风控指标计算标准以及设置差异化过渡期四方面内容。

  其中,在并表管理的范围和层级方面,《指引》作出了进一步明确。具体来看,此次监管范围涉及两个方面,在并表主体范围方面,涵盖现行企业会计准则规定的会计并表范围的机构。证券公司对被投资机构不构成控制,但被投资机构所产生的风险和潜在损失足以对证券公司造成重大影响的,也应纳入并表管理范围。

  在并表业务范围方面,《指引》明确证券公司应当将纳入并表管理机构的各类表内外、境内外、本外币业务纳入整体并表管理业务范围。层级原则上要求逐级开展,证券公司也可以根据附属机构的战略作用、风险实质等情况,跨级对附属机构进行并表管理。

  “《指引》本着实质重于形式和风险审慎性原则,兼顾控制关系与风险相关性,明确了并表管理的主体范围以及业务范围。”谈及并表主体范围,中信证券有关人士表示,对于并表管理的清晰定义以及对于并表范围的明确规范,有助于有效拓展并表管理的内涵与外延。

  明确并表管理各要素要求

  与此同时,《指引》还对公司治理、业务协同与内部交易管理、风险管理、资本管理等并表管理构成要素的管理要求做了明确。

  公司治理方面,《指引》提出,明确建立以并表管理为基础的公司治理架构,确保其与证券公司整体业务性质、资本实力、业务复杂程度和风险管理能力相适应;明确董事会、监事会、经理层、各部门、各分支机构及各附属机构要充分履行相应的并表管理职责,建立健全并表管理协作机制,将并表管理纳入内部审计范畴等。

  业务协同与内部交易管理方面,《指引》则要求证券公司根据业务种类、区域布局、市场环境和自身并表管理能力,科学进行经营决策,指导各附属机构围绕公司总体战略充分发挥协同效应,合理配置公司资源,对成员之间开展的外包服务、交叉业务进行规范管理。此外,《指引》还要求证券公司内建立并持续完善内部防火墙体系,有效防范金融风险在内部无序传递和跨区域、跨市场、跨境传染等。

  在资本管理方面,《指引》以前期并表监管试点实践为基础,参考2025年1月正式实施的证券公司风险控制指标计算标准规定,同时考虑近年来证券行业各业务发展情况以及境内外业务差异,配套制定了行业并表风险控制指标计算标准。同时,证券公司应根据附属机构数量、业务复杂程度、内部管理需要等,构建反映公司整体风险水平、各类风险水平以及资本充足水平的指标体系,并逐步实现系统计算和监测。

  “《指引》的落地有助于证券公司建立母子公司全业务链条‘垂直’一体化管控体系。”国泰海通有关人士表示,《指引》要求在并表管理体系范围内推行基本一致的风险偏好和管理流程以覆盖各类业务,建立健全风险识别与评估的标准和机制,能够有效管理证券公司各类业务、场景及人员风险状况。

  稳妥推进行业落实并表管理

  值得注意的是,《指引》充分考虑到了行业中不同体量的证券公司差异性,设定不同过渡期,有利于证券行业并表管理从试点转向常规监管的平稳过渡。

  其中,对于已正式实施并表监管试点的证券公司,过渡期为自发布之日起一年;对于其他下设有境外附属机构的证券公司,过渡期为自发布之日起两年;而其余证券公司过渡期为自发布之日起三年。

  “试点以来,中金公司随着国际化战略推进,业务领域不断扩展,强化公司治理、资本管理、风险管理、财务管理的重要性及必要性日益突出。”中金公司有关人士表示,本次适用于全行业的并表管理指引的出台,对于引导中金公司完善并表管理架构和模式,加强对子公司的定位和管控力度,不断提升经营竞争力及整体风险管理水平具有十分重要的意义。

  “招商证券以推进并表监管试点工作为契机,不断强化风险全覆盖管理,加强对境内外子公司的风险垂直管控,推动提升风控数智化水平,在深化并表管理的过程中持续完善风险管理体系和提升风险管理能力。”招商证券有关人士表示,未来,将进一步对照《指引》落实各项监管要求,持续完善风险管理体系,为证券行业的整体稳健运行和风险管理水平提升贡献积极力量。

  据悉,下一步,协会将在监管部门指导下开展培训和交流,做好相关规则解读,引导证券公司持续提升全面风险管理能力,维护证券行业稳健运行。

  据投资者和银行透露,越来越多富有的美国人正在瑞士开设银行账户,以此作为其投资组合“去美国化”的一部分。

  瑞士的银行表示,近几个月来,他们注意到美国高净值人士对开设投资账户的兴趣大增,相关业务也随之增多。

  瑞士金融咨询公司AlpenPartnersInternational的首席执行官PierreGabris说:“这种情况是一波一波出现的。奥巴马当选的时候,我们看到了一波热潮。然后新冠疫情引发了另一波。现在,关税问题又引发了新的一波。”

  Gabris表示,不同的客户开设账户的动机各不相同。

  许多人希望实现投资多元化,减少对美元的依赖,他们认为,在美国债务不断飙升的压力下,美元还会进一步贬值。瑞士中立的政治立场、稳定的经济、坚挺的货币以及可靠的法律体系都颇具吸引力。

  还有一些人是出于政治方面的考虑,他们认为在特朗普政府执政期间,美国的法治有所倒退。

  另外,也有一些人开设瑞士账户是为了在以黄金储存和精炼厂闻名的瑞士购买实物黄金。

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