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  特朗普对鲍威尔下战书?高盛警告:美联储独立性危机或引发金价飙升。

  眼看欧洲央行一再降息,特朗普再次将矛头直指鲍威尔,扬言再不降息就要解雇他——这正在给金融市场带来新的不确定性。

  分析指出,尽管法律上不明确,但特朗普团队内部与市场专家均警告此举可能导致严重的市场崩溃。

  高盛指出,历史上每当中央银行失去独立性时,都会导致法定货币信心危机,金价因此大幅上涨。高盛预测,一旦美联储沦为政治工具,将推升金价涨至4500美元/盎司。

  特朗普急了?一天3遍点名炮轰鲍威尔

  当地时间周三,鲍威尔在芝加哥经济俱乐部发表讲话,其间他重申,关税政策等政策让经济面临很高的不确定性,联储要等到形势更明朗再考虑降息。当被问及美联储是否会在股市暴跌时干预时,鲍威尔直言不会。

  周四早上,特朗普在社交媒体媒体发帖称:

  高盛:美联储“被控制”的极端情况下,金价将飙到4500美元

  在这场关于美联储独立性的争论中,高盛的分析师警告称,一旦美联储失去独立性,市场将面临极端波动。

  华尔街见闻此前提及,在高盛的极端情景预测中,一个“听话的美联储”将屈服于政治压力,不顾通胀风险而大幅降息,这将导致美元贬值、实际利率下降,进而推动金价飙升。

  当美联储的决策不再基于经济数据而是基于白宫的政治需求时,黄金将被作为避险资产疯抢。高盛指出,历史上每当中央银行失去独立性时,都会导致法定货币信心危机,金价因此大幅上涨。

  高盛预计,在极端尾部风险情境下,如市场对美联储从属或美国储备政策变化风险的关注增加,导致央行需求持续升至110吨/月,美国衰退带来ETF持有量反弹至疫情时期水平,投机性头寸达到历史范围顶部,金价到2025年底可能接近4500美元/盎司。

  风险提示及免责条款

  市场有风险,投资需谨慎。本文不构成个人投资建议,也未考虑到个别用户特殊的投资目标、财务状况或需要。用户应考虑本文中的任何意见、观点或结论是否符合其特定状况。据此投资,责任自负。

  2024年,中药行业老字号同仁堂交出了一份“增收不增利”的成绩单。年报显示,公司全年实现营业收入185.97亿元,同比增长4.12%;但归母净利润同比下滑8.54%至15.26亿元,扣非净利润降幅更达10.55%。这是同仁堂自2020年以来首次出现净利润负增长,打破了此前连续四年增长的纪录,2020-2023年归母净利润同比增幅分别为4.67%、19%、16.29%、16.92%。

  原材料价格飙升核心产品毛利率失守

  分板块来看,医药工业和医药商业两大核心业务收入均实现增长。其中,医药工业营收119.12亿元,同比增长7.52%;医药商业营收112.3亿元,同比增长9.60%。然而,成本端的剧烈攀升吞噬了利润空间。两大板块营业成本分别增长14.04%和15.52%,远超收入增速,导致整体毛利率从2023年的47.29%下滑至43.96%,创十年新低。

  具体而言,同仁堂的核心产品安宫牛黄丸面临严峻的原材料成本压力。作为该药品的关键成分,天然牛黄价格从2023年初的57万元/公斤飙升至2024年底的170万元/公斤,涨幅高达198.25%,几乎与黄金价格持平。受此影响,占公司总营收27.67%的心脑血管类产品的营业成本同比激增40.24%,毛利率从57.62%骤降至49.31%,近五年首次跌破50%。

  为应对成本压力,同仁堂于2024年6月将港版1粒装安宫牛黄丸售价从1060港元(约合人民币985元)上调至1280港元(约合1189元),提价幅度达20.75%。然而,从终端销量看,报告期内,公司心脑血管类产品销量1646.47万盒,同比下滑2.27%;补益类产品销量2049.19万盒,同比下降2.67%。

  终端销量的下滑反映出市场对高价产品的接受度有限,提价策略成效平平。更严峻的是,2024年下半年,铁盒装安宫牛黄丸的回收价格跌至450-500元/颗,较提价前进一步缩水,价格传导困境愈发凸显。

  成本骤增、销量下滑导致同仁堂存货水平显著提升。2022年-2024年两年间,同仁堂存货金额由66.94亿元攀升至107.3亿元,增幅超60%,远超同期约20%的营收增速。其中,原材料和库存商品占比近90%。同时,公司存货周转天数也从2022年的294天延长至2024年的346天,创下历史新高,显著高于同行业可比企业水平,资金使用效率进一步弱化。

  从现金流情况看,2024年,同仁堂经营活动现金流净额同比锐减59.29%至7.61亿元,创十年来最低水平。与此同时,应收票据及应收款项增至15.73亿元,同比增幅21.56%,而合同负债(预收账款)大幅降低至3.14亿元,反映出下游经销商采购意愿下降和回款周期拉长的双重压力。由于中药材保质期仅2-3年,若销售增速无法匹配存货增长,未来存货减值风险或显著上升。

  品牌管理漏洞难掩产品质量问题频发

  作为传承三百余年的中医药老字号,“同仁堂”的品牌价值不言而喻。根据英国品牌评估机构BrandFinance发布的“2024年中国最具价值医药品牌榜单报告”显示,中医药品牌中,广药集团、云南白药、华润三九、同仁堂、片仔癀名列前五位。

  然而,公司对于品牌的掌控力明显不足,贴牌乱象屡禁不止。黑猫投诉【下载黑猫投诉客户端】资料显示,今年来已有多名消费者反应买到同仁堂贴牌产品。值得关注的是,相关产品之中有很大一部分是通过京东药房、阿里大药房等正规电商渠道实现销售的。

  从导致商标贴牌乱象愈演愈烈的原因来看,公司品牌管理混乱首当其冲。同仁堂蜂业、医养、制药等板块,皆共用“同仁堂”商标,而部分不知名中小厂商与某个分支建立合作关系后,就开始大规模生产贴牌商品。

  在各大电商平台中以“同仁堂”为关键字搜索,可以检索出诸多与“同仁堂”官方相似的店铺,其业务包括原料供应、代客制丸等。相关店铺多与同仁堂分支机构有合作关系,为产业链上下游企业,但并未取得同仁堂商标使用授权。而同仁堂对这种现象却选择“睁一只眼闭一只眼”,其背后是否存在利益输送或商业贿赂?

  从资本市场的角度看,同仁堂集团旗下已有同仁堂、同仁堂科技、同仁堂国药三家上市公司,同时同仁堂医养又于今年一月份二次递表港交所,或将成为集团第四家上市公司平台,这也导致品牌价值不断被稀释,难以与特定上市公司形成认知绑定。

  此外,除贴牌产品之外,同仁堂自身的产品也频频出现质量问题。例如2024年德国的网友食用在北京同仁堂购买的仁丹后,身体出现了异常,在经过检测后,对比国内药片标准发现同仁堂仁丹汞“超标”5万倍。今年3月15日,多款网红足浴包被爆出细菌“爆表”,其中就涉及到北京同仁堂产品。

  面对原材料价格飙升与市场需求的错位、品牌价值稀释与质量管控的失守,这家百年药企的困境已不仅关乎财务报表的盈亏,更触及中医药文化的信誉根基。在中医药国际化进程加速的今天,唯有将“炮制虽繁必不敢省人工,品味虽贵必不敢减物力”的古训转化为现代治理准则,才能真正实现传统瑰宝的现代传承。毕竟,老字号的招牌经得起岁月打磨,却难抵短视逐利的消蚀。

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