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夜幕下的上海滩:探讨其在当代文化中的重要地位与多元展现。
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夜幕下的上海滩:探讨其在当代文化中的重要地位与多元展现。

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夜幕下的上海滩:探讨其在当代文化中的重要地位与多元展现。各观看免费《今日汇总》
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转自:新华财经

新华财经北京4月18日电(记者闫鹏)全球金融市场避险情绪升温,黄金因兼具抗通胀和避险属性,成为资金短期的核心选择。4月17日,COMEX黄金期货价格突破3350美元/盎司,沪金期货价格也逼近800元/克,不断刷新金价历史之最。在金价一路高歌猛进中,如何更好把握这波“富贵”?

中金公司研究部大类资产配置研究负责人李昭近日接受记者专访时表示,影响黄金价格因素众多,其中避险需求、美元信用和通胀前景在当前市场环境下起到主导作用,短期内黄金价格涨幅过快波动风险不容忽视,但长期看黄金价格上行趋势不变。

避险、美元和通胀推升金价

记者:影响黄金价格因素众多,这波支撑金价走强关键变量是什么?

李昭:从当前影响黄金价格因素看,避险、通胀和美元占据重要地位。当前,全球经济形势严峻,美国经济呈现下行态势,在此基础上贸易战使全球经济衰退风险上升,引发市场避险情绪。在这种情况下,各类资产价格纷纷下跌,尤其是股票和商品市场,而黄金作为避险资产,受到明显的支撑。自关税冲击以来,避险因素成为影响黄金价格的最主要因素。

通胀是另一个影响因素,相对而言具有长期性。由于黄金具有抗通胀属性,关税会推高通胀,进而支持黄金价格。不过,目前美国的通胀情况有所好转,例如3月份美国CPI降至2.4%,所以当下通胀因素对黄金价格的影响相对次要。但从中期来看,如果未来几个季度美国通胀明显反弹,或对黄金价格产生明显影响。

美元因素方面,简单来说就是投资者对美元体系的信心发生变化。美国长期以来财政赤字率较高,债务积累速度较快,并且近期的关税冲击对全球货币体系和贸易体系构成挑战。美国这些行为不仅让市场担忧其债务偿还能力,还动摇了全球对美元的信心。在正常的避险市场环境下,投资者通常有美债、美元、黄金等多种选择,但由于美国近期的系列举措削弱了美元美债的避险属性,让黄金的避险功能更加凸显,也支撑黄金价格走强。

从长期来看,黄金价格走势与通胀、全球央行购金、美国债务赤字问题等多因素相关,我们通过对相关数据进行回归分析,构建量化模型,计算出黄金价格未来10年仍有较大增长空间。由于特朗普执政带来的政策冲击,导致黄金价格上涨节奏比预期中更快。

短期金价波动风险可能增大

记者:当前,市场较为一致看多黄金,您如何看待黄金后市的走势?

李昭:我们近年对黄金一直持积极态度,年初时市场认为黄金价格即将见顶,但我们通过量化模型分析认为黄金估值基本合理,未来还有较大的上涨空间。虽然当前宏观环境仍对黄金价格有利,但黄金价格自今年年初以来已经上涨超过25%,高于模型此前计算的均衡价格。在此,我们也想提示以下风险:

一方面,如果政策与市场环境明显改善,例如美联储明确转向宽松,投资者发现其他资产更具投资价值,例如觉得股票市场出现抄底机会,作为防守型资产的黄金可能会被投资者减持,转而投资股票等进攻型资产,可能对黄金形成利空。另一方面,如果局部市场流动性问题进一步恶化,例如特朗普持续加码相关政策,美联储也没有进行有力干预,美债市场流动性问题也有可能向全局性美元流动性危机演绎。在这种情况下,投资者可能被迫抛售包括黄金和债券在内的各类资产,兑换成现金寻求保护,也对黄金价格不利。

因此,尽管美元、通胀、避险等基本面因素依然对黄金价格有支持,宏观环境对黄金相对有利,但由于前期上涨节奏快、幅度大,且政策动向与市场流动性仍存变数,不应排除黄金价格阶段性回调的可能性。例如,在2008年全球金融危机和2020年全球疫情冲击期间,同样是对黄金有利的宏观环境,但黄金价格也曾一度大幅下跌20%左右。这说明有利的宏观环境也不能保证黄金价格持续上涨,价格波动是不可避免的。

美联储降息与否都利好黄金

记者:美联储的货币政策节奏也是市场关注重点,降息与否的不同情形下,对黄金价格会产生怎样影响?

李昭:美联储的决策取决于经济发展路径,但目前美国经济发展方向存在很大的不确定性,可能出现滞胀或衰退等不同情况,这使得预测美联储的政策变得极为困难。尽管美国经济和美联储政策存在不确定性,但黄金在不同经济情景下都有一定的优势,这也是我们看好黄金投资的原因之一。

早在2024年年底,我们就提出特朗普执政下的美国经济未来基本只有两种可能:一是通胀失控,二是增长失速,“软着陆”的可能性较低。现在,通胀失控可能向滞涨演变,增长失速则可能发展为衰退。但究竟是滞胀还是衰退会成为现实,目前无人能准确判断,这种宏观经济路径的不确定性增加了判断美联储政策和美债利率的难度。如果是衰退,美联储大概率会降息与重启QE;若是滞胀,降息幅度可能较小。同时,取决于市场动荡程度,美联储的宽松程度也会有所差异。

尽管现在难以确定美联储的降息路径与政策节奏,但无论美国最终走向衰退还是滞胀,对黄金都有支撑作用。在衰退时,黄金的避险属性凸显;滞胀时,其抗通胀属性发挥作用。即便这两种情况都不出现,美国的债务失衡问题也对黄金有利。

所以,在经济不确定性较高的环境里,黄金是一个胜率相对较高的投资选择。虽然黄金市场存在一定泡沫化风险,短期价格波动可能增大,可能出现回调、骤升骤涨的情况,但由于其基本面因素未发生改变,我们对黄金投资前景仍持积极态度。(参与调研:李明浩)

编辑:丁晶

  华润博雅生物近期动作频频,拟以2.13亿元挂牌转让旗下江西博雅欣和制药有限公司80%股权,引发市场关注。博雅欣和主营抗感染、糖尿病及心脑血管类药品,虽成立十年,却因研发滞后、集采冲击及环保限制,连续两年亏损超9000万元。

  尽管2024年华润博雅生物曾斥资近5亿元增资扩股试图挽救,但不足一年便选择“割肉”离场。交易完成后,公司仍保留20%股权,但此举预计将直接导致超亿元投资亏损。

  增收不增利,千吨目标承压

  年报显示,2024年博雅生物血制品营收占比达87.29%,但整体营收同比下滑34.58%至17.35亿元,净利润虽同比增长67.18%至3.97亿元,仍不及2022年水平。核心矛盾在于采浆规模:2024年公司采浆量630.6吨,同比仅增10.4%,距离“十四五”千吨目标仍有近60%缺口。

  行业数据显示,国内血制品市场已进入寡头竞争阶段,天坛生物、上海莱士等前六家企业占据80%采浆量。近期上海莱士42亿元并购南岳生物,进一步加剧“马太效应”。反观博雅生物,虽通过收购绿十字香港新增4家浆站,但其在营浆站仅21个,与头部企业差距显著。

  得浆站者得天下,并购潮下的生死时速

  血制品行业壁垒极高,自2001年国家严控新批企业后,牌照资源稀缺性凸显。企业增长高度依赖“内生+外延”双轮驱动:对内提升单站采浆效率,对外争夺浆站资源。然而,博雅生物面临的挑战在于,行业并购成本水涨船高——南岳生物9个浆站估值已达42亿元,而公司2024年经营性现金流仅4.3亿元,资金压力可见一斑。

  值得关注的是,华润医药曾明确表态“向外关注生物制品整合机会”。背靠央企资源,博雅生物能否在“十四五”收官之年实现弯道超车?目前其浆站拓展团队已加速建设,但行业留给后发者的时间窗口正在收窄。

  未来悬念:输血与造血的平衡术

  此次转让博雅欣和股权,短期可回笼资金2.13亿元,优化资产结构,但长期增长仍需依赖血制品主业突破。公司计划通过“内生挖潜+外延并购”扩大浆站规模,但面对头部企业的碾压式竞争,其战略执行效率将成关键。

  市场预计,2027年我国血制品市场规模将达780亿元,年复合增长率11.6%。若博雅生物能借力华润系资源,在浆站争夺战中斩获增量,或可重拾增长曲线;若错失此轮行业整合机遇,则可能陷入“规模停滞-竞争力下滑”的恶性循环。此刻,距离“十四五”收官仅剩一年,华润博雅生物的千吨采浆目标,正进入倒计时冲刺阶段。

  本文结合AI工具生成

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